On the use of Kinetex^™‐C₁₈ core‐shell 2.6 µm stationary phase to the multiclass determination of antibiotics

Abstract

Fast and accurate analysis is a prerequisite in all analytical fields especially in food, biological, pharmaceutical, and environmental samples. The new trend of ultra performance liquid chromatography (LC) has the main drawback of expensive instrumentation, which can't be easily found in low-budget analytical laboratories. The evolution of core shell technology has contributed to this direction, since ultra high efficiency can be achieved on common LC instrument platforms. Herein the novel core shell analytical column, KINETEX (™) 2.6 µm, (150 mm × 4.6 mm) was comparatively studied against two conventional reversed-phase silica-based and one monolithic column. Eight antimicrobial agents representing two different classes: penicillins and amphenicols, were separated using a typical 400 bar high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment. Comparison of column performance was carried out by calculation of the number of theoretical plates N, the tailing factor T(f) , the relative retention time RRT, the retention factor k, the resolution factor R(s) , and the precision of the retention time and peak area. Optimal chromatographic conditions were used to validate the method. Its applicability was proven by the analysis of veterinary drug formulations. The examined antibiotics were well resolved within 17 min. Limit of quantitation values were 25.9 ng for amoxicillin, 14.1 ng for ampicillin, 41.6 ng for thiamphenicol, 9.6 ng for oxacillin, 23.5 ng for florfenicol, 26.7 for cloxacillin, 23.5 ng for chloramphenicol and 42.3 ng for dicloxacillin for 20 µL injection volume. The developed method can be easily and readily transferred to any laboratory.

Quantification of seven β-lactam antibiotics and two β-lactamase inhibitors in human plasma using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method

“…The major advantage of this method is its speed of analysis (5.5 min/sample), which is considerably faster than other methods for multiple analytes previously reported [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. This allows high sample throughput and enables fast reporting of the results if this method were to be used for therapeutic drug monitoring.…”

A liquid chromatography assay for a quantification of doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem concentrations in human plasma: Application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study

“…Moreover, this technology uses common 400 bar liquid chromatography instruments which are less expensive than ultra performance liquid chromatography instruments [26]. Since this technology is recent, just a few assays with UV detection were developed [27]. This work contributes to propose a new application of this technology in therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics.…”

Development and validation according to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC of an HPLC‐DAD method for milk multi‐residue analysis of penicillins and amphenicols based on dispersive extraction by QuEChERS in MSPD format

“…The linearity response of both penicillins and amphenicols was initially studied using standard solutions in our previous work, using working standards injected three times, covering the entire working range of 0.5–20 ng/μL 4.…”

“…The evolution of columns based on core shell technology has contributed to this direction, since ultra‐high efficiency can be achieved on common LC instrument platforms. In a previous work, the authors developed a method for the determination of eight antimicrobial agents (penicillins and amphenicols), in veterinary drug formulations using a core shell analytical column, KINETEX ™ 2.6 μm, (150 mm×4.6 mm) within 17 min 4.…”