On the Use of a Microstrip Three-Line System as a Six-Port Reflectometer

Collier, R.J.; El-Deeb, N.A.

doi:10.1109/tmtt.1979.1129747

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…3 In this latter model, the same formulas for a single strip 4 were used but with an equivalent impedance for each of the even and odd modes of propagation, that replaced the characteristic impedance of the single strip, to determine the dispersions of the even and odd modes. Therefore we are going to derive an equivalent impedance for each of the present propagating modes and to use them in conjunction with the single-strip dispersion formulas, namely = e rG{fjf b f (1) where e reff (/) = dispersive effective dielectric constant, € reff(0) = static effective dielectric constant, e r = dielectric constant of substrate, / = operating frequency. f b = Z 0 /2iJi 0 H, Z o -characteristic impedance of strip, H = substrate thickness, /z 0 = 4w x 10" 7 'H/m and for the parameter G the following improved expression 5 will be used:…”

Section: Approximate Dispersion Model For a Loosely Coupled 3-line Symentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for the latter case of port 2, the equivalent impedance for mode A could not be determined because no mode-A excitation is required. 1 …”

Section: Approximate Dispersion Model For a Loosely Coupled 3-line Symentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8, the arrangement of the coupler for a 6-port reflectometer is shown. 1 The standard impedance Z s was chosen as a short-circuit external to the microstrip substrate. From the three power meters' readings the value of the unknown impedance can be found.…”

Section: Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main design considerations of the coupler are given briefly in Section 6 together with the corresponding theoretical and practical performances, and in Section 7 the appropriate configuration for using the coupler as a 6-port reflectometer is given. 1 In this Section, preliminary results of measuring the reflection coefficients of some terminations that have been measured by an HP8410B network analyser, at the coupler's centre frequency of 5 GHz, are also given.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstrip coupler suitable for use as a 6-port reflectometer

Collier

El-Deeb

1980

IEE Proc. H Microw. Opt. Antennas UK

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The theory of a microstrip 6-port directional coupler suitable for use as a 6-port reflectometer for impedance measurements has been introduced by the authors in a previous paper. In the paper, the effect of dispersion, extra coupling beyond the uniformly coupled region and finite strip thickness on the coupler performance are discussed. The practical performance of an experimental coupler is compared with a theoretical prediction based on the information in an earlier paper by the authors and including the previously mentioned effects. The application of this coupler as a reflectometer is briefly described and practically tested at its centre frequency of 5 GHz.

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Section: Approximate Dispersion Model For a Loosely Coupled 3-line Symentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for the latter case of port 2, the equivalent impedance for mode A could not be determined because no mode-A excitation is required. 1 …”

Section: Approximate Dispersion Model For a Loosely Coupled 3-line Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microstrip coupler suitable for use as a 6-port reflectometer

Collier

El-Deeb

1980

IEE Proc. H Microw. Opt. Antennas UK

Self Cite

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“…To overcome these drawbacks, a new convenient calibration method with power divider correlator is adjusted and used. The reflectometer is based on four coupled equal-mode impedance microstrip lines, whose principle of operation is presented in (Collier and El-Deeb, 1979) and its design in (El-Deeb, 1989). The calibration procedure is to determine the constants that ensure the operation of the six-port from the measurement of voltage output ports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Six-Port Reflectometer Calibration Using Wilkinson Power Divider

Moubarek¹,

Gharsallah²

2016

American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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A new calibration method for a six-port reflectometer which minimizes the effect of power measurement errors is presented. It is based on the power divider correlator to obtain estimates of the six-port calibration constants. The calibration procedure is to determine the constants that govern the operation of the six-port from the measurement of power or output ports tensions by placing five to eleven standard loads in succession to DUT. A load and four offset shorts are used as reflection standards. Computer simulation results are presented to show that the described procedure substantially reduces the overall error in the calibration constants.

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Six‐Port Networks

Bosisio

2005

Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering

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Software‐defined radio (SDR) has been identified as a potential method to enhance flexible wireless communication systems. The operation speed of an analog/digital converter (ADC) and processing ability of digital signal processing (DSP) chips are key factors in the development of SDR for useful commercial applications. More recent advances in semiconductor processing technology and the development of reconfigurable devices such as digital signal processors and field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) reduce the development time of commercial products. SDR in conjunction with six‐port receivers has promising applications for use in wireless LANs, audio and television broadcasting, and interoperability between different radio services, as seen by new studies on the use of six‐port technology in various design aspects of a new SDR receiver. The objective is to realize an application of SDR to provide a multichannel, multimode wireless direct digital receiver. The combination of SDR and six‐port technology provides great flexibility in system configuration; significant reduction in hardware cost, particularly at millimeter‐wave frequencies; and potential for software reuse. The six‐port receiver approach offers wideband accommodation to ever‐changing communication specifications required in a SDR as much of its functionality is defined in software. Different types of six‐port circuits have been designed, with center frequencies at 2.4, 5.8, 24, and 28 GHz, operating over wide frequency bands. Some six‐port circuits are based on microstrip structures and are fabricated with hybrid microwave integrated circuit (MHMIC) or monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology at both microwave and millimeter‐wave frequencies. Other circuits use a novel substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) structure allowing integration of planar integrated circuit structure with waveguide structure. The performances of these six‐port circuits in digital receivers are reported in relation to signal modulation schemes, noise performance analysis calibration, and coding. Bit error rate simulation and measurement results obtained with demodulation algorithms are given for QPSK and QAM‐16 signals under a variety of operating conditions. Initial results show promising applications of six‐port technology for direct digital conversion demodulation reception, needed in future low‐cost SDR communication systems. Measurement and simulated demodulation results obtained with coding algorithms are also given.

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On the Use of a Microstrip Three-Line System as a Six-Port Reflectometer

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Microstrip coupler suitable for use as a 6-port reflectometer

Microstrip coupler suitable for use as a 6-port reflectometer

A Six-Port Reflectometer Calibration Using Wilkinson Power Divider

Six‐Port Networks

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