On the theory of extraction from falling droplets

Kronig, R. de L.; Veen, B. Van Der; Ijzerman, Miss P.

doi:10.1007/bf00411978

Cited by 320 publications

(182 citation statements)

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“…The result was extended later to circulating droplets [56]. Thus the droplets mean concentration y(t) are calculated as:…”

Section: Main Program DCmentioning

confidence: 97%

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LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Pulsed Liquid-Liquid Extraction Columns

Jaradat¹,

Attarakih²,

Steinmetz³

et al. 2012

TOCENGJ

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A rigours mathematical model based on the bivariate population balance frame work (the base of LLECMOD ''Liquid-Liquid Extraction Column Module'') for the steady state and dynamic simulation of pulsed liquid-liquid extraction columns is developed. The model simulates the coupled hydrodynamic and mass transfer for pulsed (packed and sieve plate) extraction columns. It is implemented using visual digital FORTRAN and then integrated into the LLECMOD program. Experimental validated correlations are used for the estimation of the droplet terminal velocity in extraction columns based on single and swarm droplet experiments in laboratory scale devices. Additionally, recently published correlations for turbulent energy dissipation, droplet breakage and coalescence frequencies are discussed as being used in this version of LLECMOD. In a case study, LLECMOD is used here to simulate the steady state performance of pulsed extraction columns with two chemical test systems recommended by the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (water-acetone-n-butyl acetate and water-acetone-toluene) and an industrial test system. Model predictions are successfully validated against steady state and transient experimental data, where good agreements are achieved. The simulated results (holdup, mean droplet diameter and mass transfer profiles) compared to the experimental data show that LLECMOD is a powerful simulation tool, which can efficiently predict the dynamic and steady state performance of pulsed extraction columns.

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“…The result was extended later to circulating droplets [56]. Thus the droplets mean concentration y(t) are calculated as:…”

Section: Main Program DCmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…( )y n passes through front hole (56) In the numerical calculations, the droplet volume is divided into N elements, each with a radius r n . The mass flow passing from element to element can be calculated over each time interval at a time t, according to Eq.…”

Section: Sieve Plate Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Pulsed Liquid-Liquid Extraction Columns

Jaradat¹,

Attarakih²,

Steinmetz³

et al. 2012

TOCENGJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In LLECMOD many available phenomenological and experimentally correlated mass transfer models are included [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Accordingly, the resistance in series combination of these individual mass transfer coefficients results in the overall mass transfer coefficient, K oy , which can be used to predict the rate of change of solute concentration in the liquid droplet as expressed in terms of the droplet volume average concentration:…”

Section: Mass Transfer Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases were no solid theoretical models are available (e.g. reactive extraction or very slow kinetics) the recently developed correlations can also be selected (the Wolschner [38], Bart [41], Korchinski & Young [39], Kroning & Brink [37], Slater [40] or the User defined model).…”

Section: Mass-transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

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LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Liquid- Liquid Extraction Columns

Attarakih¹,

Bart²,

Steinmetz³

et al. 2008

TOCENGJ

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Abstract:The population balance equation finds many applications in modelling poly-dispersed systems arising in many engineering applications such as aerosols dynamics, crystallization, precipitation, granulation, liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, combustion processes and microbial systems. The population balance lays down a modern approach for modelling the complex discrete behaviour of such systems. Due to the industrial importance of liquid-liquid extraction columns for the separation of many chemicals that are not amenable for separation by distillation, a Windows based program called LLECMOD is developed. Due to the multivariate nature of the population of droplets in liquid -liquid extraction columns (with respect to size and solute concentration), a spatially distributed population balance equation is developed. The basis of LLECMOD depends on modern numerical algorithms that couples the computational fluid dynamics and population balances. To avoid the solution of the momentum balance equations (for the continuous and discrete phases), experimental correlations are used for the estimation of the turbulent energy dissipation and the slip velocities of the moving droplets along with interaction frequencies of breakage and coalescence. The design of LLECMOD is flexible in such a way that allows the user to define droplet terminal velocity, energy dissipation, axial dispersion, breakage and coalescence frequencies and the other internal geometrical details of the column. The user input dialog makes the LLECMOD a user-friendly program that enables the user to select the simulation parameters and functions easily. The program is reinforced by a parameter estimation package for the droplet coalescence models. The scale-up and simulation of agitated extraction columns based on the populations balanced model leads to the main application of the simulation tool.

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Fluorescence-Indicated Mass Transfer in Reactive Extraction

Mörters¹,

Bart²

2000

Chem. Eng. Technol.

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To investigate mass transfer into droplets in reactive extraction, a nonintrusive method for measuring concentration gradients using fluorescent dyes as sensors was developed. An optical probe is used to focus a laser beam into the droplet and to detect the fluorescent light. Scanning the droplet with the probe leads to concentration profiles. The added dyes can either be indicators to measure gradients of ionic components in the aqueous phase or be one component of the extraction system. For the description of the system ZnSO 4 -H 2 SO 4 /di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid in isododecane, experiments have been carried out in the stagnant as well as in the flowing continuous phase. To investigate the effects of internal circulation in the droplets, further mass transfer experiments in a venturi tube have been carried out. A comparison enables both diffusion and convection inside and outside of a droplet in a reactive system to be described.

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On the theory of extraction from falling droplets

Cited by 320 publications

References 0 publications

LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Pulsed Liquid-Liquid Extraction Columns

LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Pulsed Liquid-Liquid Extraction Columns

LLECMOD: A Bivariate Population Balance Simulation Tool for Liquid- Liquid Extraction Columns

Fluorescence-Indicated Mass Transfer in Reactive Extraction

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