On the systematic synthesis of CCII‐based floating simulators

Abstract

SUMMARYThis paper is adopting a new approach in the systematic synthesis of CCII-based floating simulators. The synthesis procedure is based on the generalized systematic synthesis framework for active circuits using admittance matrix expansion. The resulting derived floating simulators include circuits that have been reported earlier in the literature in addition to novel floating simulators using various types of CCII. The synthesized floating simulators can be used to realize floating coils, FDNRs, and resistance and capacitance multipliers; according to the types of passive elements employed in the design. The potentials and drawbacks of every one of the synthesized circuits vary according to the design tradeoffs including complexity, number of active devices, number and values of grounded and floating passive elements, matching requirements, and tunability. SPICE simulations are presented to verify the performance of the new circuits obtained by systematic synthesis and hence demonstrate the potentials of the generalized synthesis framework in producing novel circuits with high performance.

Nullor Equivalents of Active Devices for Symbolic Circuit Analysis

“…1 [1,2,13]. The versatility of pathological floating mirror elements has been demonstrated, as they provide general descriptions capable of achieving ideal representations for various analog processing features [13,15]. To perform symbolic analysis of the circuits containing floating mirror elements, the nullor equivalents of the floating VM and CM in Fig.…”

“…Their usefulness to circuit synthesis has been demonstrated in the literature [14,20,21,30]. Recently, the mirror elements with grounded reference node have been extended to include the floating mirror elements [13,15,23]. Some pathological sections which ideally represent most popular analog signal processing properties involving differential or multiple single-ended signals, like conversion between differential and single-ended voltages, differential voltage conveying, and inverting current replication, are concisely constructed from floating mirror elements.…”

“…The pathological sections of differential current cells and differential current conveying cells are constructed from nullor and mirror elements with grounded reference nodes. By using different combinations of pathological sections and nullor-mirror elements, one can describe the ideal representation of some modern active building blocks [13,15].…”

Generation and classification of CCII and ICCII based negative impedance converter circuits using NAM expansion

“…This results in a generalized framework encompassing all pathological elements for the ideal description of active elements [13][14][15][16]. Accordingly, more alternative realizations are possible and a wide range of active devices can be used in the generation method.…”

DVCC-based floating capacitance multiplier design

“…Thus, active device-based capacitance multiplier design is used to obtain large-valued capacitors for standard silicon-based technology. There are a number of capacitance multiplier circuits implemented with some active devices such as operational amplifiers [5,6], second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) or current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) [18][19][20], current follower transconductance amplifiers (CFTAs) [21], tunable four terminal floating nullors (TFTFNs) [22], current-controlled differential difference current conveyors (CCDDCCs) [23], differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs) [24][25][26][27][28][29], fully differential voltage and current gained second-generation current conveyors (FD VCG-CCIIs) [30], differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (DVCCTA) [31], voltage differencing current conveyors (VDCCs) [32], and current controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCCCTAs) [33]. Some previously published capacitance multipliers [5,10,13,17,24] need large-valued resistors for large-valued capacitors.…”