On the Sterility of Eye Ointments

Klein, Matthew B.; Millwood, E. G.

doi:10.1136/bjo.48.5.285

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…As reported in another study, the stabilized oxychloro complex can damage the rabbit corneal epithelial cells and benzalkonium chloride showed cytotoxic effects in cell culture, both in animal or human research [21]. Another preservative that has been reported to be most effective in killing 99.6 % of the microorganism present was benzyl alcohol, but the toxicity of benzyl alcohol in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells had been reported [22,23]. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declares that thimerosal is a safe preservative and disclaimed the statement that thimerosalcontaining vaccine preservative was related to autism cases in children [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Comparison of Preservatives Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride, Thimerosal and Benzyl Alcohol in Eye Drop Products Containing Chloramphenicol

2020

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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the preservative efficacy of benzalkonium chloride, thimerosal and benzyl alcohol in eye drops formulation containing chloramphenicol as the active agents for producing the sterile and effective eye drops.Methods: The efficacy of preservatives was assayed by evaluating the physical appearance, pH stability, sterility and the antibacterial effectivity of the formulated eye drops. Each of 0.5% chloramphenicol was formulated with different preservatives of benzalkonium chloride, thimerosal and benzyl alcohol at its recommended concentration, 0.01%; 0.01% and 1%, respectively. The in vitro stability was examined periodically for the eye drops formulation stored at room temperature during the 28-day period. The effectiveness of the antibacterial effect of chloramphenicol in eye drops was assayed by using the agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli and evaluated for the diameter of inhibition zones. Result: The clarity of the eye drops formula produced clear solutions. The eye drops formula exhibited relatively stabile on pH. All the formulated eye drops were sterile during the storage time. The appropriate of the sterilization method was thought to contribute to the sterility of eye drops which did not contain preservatives. In addition, it was assumed that the pre-reaction of chloramphenicol in inhibiting the contaminants in the eye drop may occur during the storage time. This hypothesis was confirmed by the inhibitory diameter stability produced by the eye drop formulas containing preservatives compared to that of not. The decrease in inhibition diameter occurred during the storage period (28 d) of each formula was as follows: F0 (51.58%), F1 (35.76%), F2 (31.86%), and F3 (35.35%). The best stability based on the antibacterial activity of the chloramphenicol eye drops was produced by F2 which used 0.01% thimerosal as its preservative. The differences in inhibition diameter were significantly influenced by the presence and the type of preservatives. Conclusion: 0.01% thimerosal indicated the best improvement on the efficacy of 0.5% chloramphenicol eye drop.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Comparison of Preservatives Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride, Thimerosal and Benzyl Alcohol in Eye Drop Products Containing Chloramphenicol

2020

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Ocular Pharmacology and Toxicology

Ellis¹

1965

Archives of Ophthalmology

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Ophthalmic ointments

Robin

Ellis

1978

Survey of Ophthalmology

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The use of ointments as an ocular drug vehicle adds an important dimension to topical therapy. Ointments are well tolerated, fairly safe, and provide an excellent means for enhanced ocular contact time. In the case of certain antibiotics, this improved contact time yields increased ocular drug levels. However, experimental data indicate that corticosteroid ointments do not penetrate into the eye as well as do suspension preparations. This may relate to the binding of the drug to the ointment base and also to the particular steroid compound. Like other ophthalmic preparations, ointments may become contaminated. Ophthalmic ointments should not be instilled into eyes with open wounds. Instillation of ointments into postoperative eyes where wound closure is secure appears to be safe and effective.

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On the Sterility of Eye Ointments

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Comparison of Preservatives Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride, Thimerosal and Benzyl Alcohol in Eye Drop Products Containing Chloramphenicol

Comparison of Preservatives Efficacy of Benzalkonium Chloride, Thimerosal and Benzyl Alcohol in Eye Drop Products Containing Chloramphenicol

Ocular Pharmacology and Toxicology

Ophthalmic ointments

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