On the specific surface area of nanoporous materials

Detsi, Eric; Jong, Edwin de; Zinchenko, Anatoly; Vuković, Ž.; Vuković, Ivana; Punzhin, Sergey; Loos, Katja; Brinke, G. ten; Raedt, Hans De; Onck, Patrick; Hosson, J.Th.M. De

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2011.08.025

Cited by 113 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Detsi et al reported that the area measured using gas sorption was lower than that measured electrochemically, which they attributed to assumptions made in the electrochemical analysis [99]. In another article, however, comparable albeit lower values were obtained relative to gas adsorption when using CV to measure the charge required to strip the gold oxide films [67].…”

Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This negates the use of thin films but rather requires large monolithic pieces in order to have enough material to make the measurements. Type IV isotherms with H1-type hysteresis characteristic of a mesoporous material and BET surface areas of several meters square per gram (e.g., ∼3-10 m 2 /g) have been obtained [66,67,99]. Coarsening observed at higher temperatures decreases the BET surface area and decreases pore volume [67].…”

Section: Gas Sorption Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For this measurement to work for nanoporous gold, a sufficiently high mass must be used [98,99]. This negates the use of thin films but rather requires large monolithic pieces in order to have enough material to make the measurements.…”

Section: Gas Sorption Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another electrochemical approach involves electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or CV [83,99] to evaluate the double-layer capacitance of the electrode, which is proportional to electrode area. EIS can be a little tricky because it relies on the model chosen and fitting procedures [98].…”

Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoporous Gold Electrodes and Their Applications in Analytical Chemistry

Collinson

2013

ISRN Analytical Chemistry

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Nanoporous gold prepared by dealloying Au:Ag alloys has recently become an attractive material in the field of analytical chemistry. This conductive material has an open, 3D porous framework consisting of nanosized pores and ligaments with surface areas that are 10s to 100s of times larger than planar gold of an equivalent geometric area. The high surface area coupled with an open pore network makes nanoporous gold an ideal support for the development of chemical sensors. Important attributes include conductivity, high surface area, ease of preparation and modification, tunable pore size, and a bicontinuous open pore network. In this paper, the fabrication, characterization, and applications of nanoporous gold in chemical sensing are reviewed specifically as they relate to the development of immunosensors, enzyme-based biosensors, DNA sensors, Raman sensors, and small molecule sensors.

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Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Gas Sorption Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Gas Sorption Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoporous Gold Electrodes and Their Applications in Analytical Chemistry

Collinson

2013

ISRN Analytical Chemistry

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“…Although the physical adsorption process initially involves the formation of a monolayer of adsorbate, extended adsorption of molecules from the gas phase onto the interface of nanoporous materials usually results in filling of the pores with condensed liquid, a phenomenon known as capillary condensation, which is also susceptible to give rise to pores expansion or contraction. 1,2 Capillary condensation in the pores was investigated on bulk nanoporous gold samples with dimensions $2 Â 1 Â 1 mm 3 , synthesized by selective dissolution of silver from gold-silver alloys 7,8 with composition Au 25 Ag 75 (at. %).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible strain by physisorption in nanoporous gold

Detsi

Chen

Vellinga

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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Beating Thermal Coarsening in Nanoporous Materials via High‐Entropy Design

et al. 2019

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produced by dealloying have outstanding physical properties due to their unique structure with open porous networks, [3][4][5] the undesirable coarsening phenomenon leads to degradation of physical properties over time, even at room temperature. [6][7][8] The originally proposed idea behind high-entropy alloy (HEA) with multiprinciple elements is maximizing the configuration entropy to stabilize a solid-solution alloy without undesired ordered intermetallics. [9][10][11] Many studies have suggested that HEAs uniquely possesses combined desirable properties such as a high strength and ductility paired with high fracture toughness, [12][13][14] fatigue resistance, [15] and creep resistance. [16] HEAs also show promising properties in harsh environments resisting corrosion, [17][18][19] and irradiation [20] attacks. Atomic size differences between constituting elements in HEA increase the activation energy for grain growth, and sluggish diffusion kinetics has considered as the main reason for the exceptional high strength and structural stability of HEAs at high temperatures. [21,22] The rationale behind it, the multiprinciple elements cause larger fluctuations in lattice potential energy (LPE), providing many low-LPE sites that hinder atomic diffusion. [23] Grain growth and ligament coarsening rely on the same physical background of surface diffusion. In that context, the high-entropy design in nanoporous materials has a potential for achieving an exceptional stability against the coarsening.Controlling the feature sizes of 3D bicontinuous nanoporous (3DNP) materials is essential for their advanced applications in catalysis, sensing, energy systems, etc., requiring high specific surface area. However, the intrinsic coarsening of nanoporous materials naturally reduces their surface energy leading to the deterioration of physical properties over time, even at ambient temperatures. A novel 3DNP material beating the universal relationship of thermal coarsening is reported via high-entropy alloy (HEA) design. In newly developed TiVNbMoTa 3DNP HEAs, the nanoporous structure is constructed by very fine nanoscale ligaments of a solid-solution phase due to enhanced phase stability by maximizing the configuration entropy and suppressed surface diffusion. The smallest size of 3DNP HEA synthesized at 873 K is about 10 nm, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of conventional porous materials. More importantly, the yield strength of ligament in 3DNP HEA approaches its theoretical strength of G/2π of the corresponding HEA alloy even after thermal exposure. This finding signifies the key benefit of high-entropy design in nanoporous materials-exceptional stability of size-related physical properties. This high-entropy strategy should thus open new opportunities for developing ultrastable nanomaterials against its environment.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

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On the specific surface area of nanoporous materials

Cited by 113 publications

References 25 publications

Nanoporous Gold Electrodes and Their Applications in Analytical Chemistry

Nanoporous Gold Electrodes and Their Applications in Analytical Chemistry

Reversible strain by physisorption in nanoporous gold

Beating Thermal Coarsening in Nanoporous Materials via High‐Entropy Design

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