On the skin sensitisation potential of rosin and oxidised rosin

Optimised testing strategies for skin sensitization – The LLNA and beyond

“…A number of industry sectors combined efforts to illustrate how even prior to validation, current in vitro assays were more likely to deliver correct classifications than the LLNA (Ball et al, 2011). Presentations were given on strategies to combine existing tests to improve predictivities, the chemical sector proposed a testing strategy using three different tests that even surpassed the Botham et al, 2008;Illing et al, 2009 Photosensitizers Pharma Discriminating between photoirritants and photosensitizers Ulrich et al, 1998;Neumann et al, 2005 Surfactants, performance standards Home care, cosmetic ingredients, agroformulations…”

Advances in Rosin-Based Chemicals: The Latest Recipes, Applications and Future Trends

“…Besides the mentioned advantages, rosin is also safe for living organisms [15]. Its derivatives are claimed as non-toxic as well, despite their allergenicity [16,17]. This unique set of beneficial properties of rosin determines it as an attractive subject of innovative research characterized by a considerably growing interest in recent decades, as can be seen in Figure 1.…”

“…Sadly, the last comprehensive review document dedicated exclusively to rosin and its modifications was published in 2008 [1]. Since then, only fragmentary information on rosin has appeared in review articles on bio-based polymers and resin systems [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21], as well as in reviews on rosin derivatives in catalysis [12], controlled drug-delivery systems [13] and small-molecule compounds [14].…”

Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis

“…There are several types of rosin, depending on the part of the tree it is sourced from. Gum rosin is tapped from live pine trees, tall oil rosin is a by product from paper pulp and wood rosin is extracted from tree stumps . Rosins have a variety of uses in industry including varnishes, adhesives, and drug coating .…”

“…Rosins are extracted from pine trees in many locations geographically, including China, France, America, Indonesia, Russia, Scandinavia, and Portugal . Their composition varies depending on the species of pine tree and the geographical location they are sourced from which can affect the products they are used in .…”