On the role of ice‐nucleating aerosol in the formation of ice particles in tropical mesoscale convective systems

Ladino, Luis A.; Korolev, Alexei; Heckman, Ivan; Wolde, Mengistu; Fridlind, A. M.; Ackerman, A. S.

doi:10.1002/2016gl072455

Cited by 58 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Formation of ice in the absence of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) is possible only at temperatures below −38 °C (Langham & Mason, ). The presence of INP results in ice formation at warmer temperatures, which is a key to precipitation initiation (Ladino et al, ). This is especially important because global precipitation is predominantly produced via the ice phase, over the midlatitude oceans and continents (Mülmenstädt et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Ice‐Nucleating Particles Over Northern India

et al. 2019

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The sources and concentrations of ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) over India are not well known. Here, INP concentrations in rainwater from Northern India and a dust sample from the Thar Desert are characterized. Rainwater INP concentrations ranged between 104 and 3 × 107 L−1 water, spanning temperatures between −4 and −28 °C. During the monsoon season, INP concentrations were low and approached those in remote marine air mass. During the winter season, INPs active between −4 to −10 °C were occasionally observed. An increase in INP activity sometimes occurred after the initial onset of rain. The onset freezing temperature of samples active at warmer temperatures was shifted to colder temperature after heat treatment, suggesting that the INP activity stemmed from biological influence. Plating was used to isolate and sequence INP active bacterial strains from some of the rainwater samples, specifically strains of close taxonomic affiliation with the ice nucleating genera Pantoea. The size‐resolved ice nucleation active site density for 200–600‐nm particles of Thar Desert Dust ranged between 107 and 109 m−2 at −20 °C, values similar to dusts from other regions of the world. The data reported herein may help constrain models that seek to predict the impact of INP on the properties of mixed‐phased clouds over the Indian subcontinent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Ice‐Nucleating Particles Over Northern India

et al. 2019

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“…At temperatures greater than about −15 • C, these concentrations remain low: only one particle in every 10 3 or 10 4 will nucleate an ice crystal (Rogers et al, 1998;Chubb et al, 2013;DeMott et al, 2015). However, even when INP concentrations are low at warm subzero temperatures, incloud ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) can be orders of magnitude higher (e.g., Hallett and Mossop, 1974;Heymsfield and Willis, 2014;Lasher-Trapp et al, 2016;Taylor et al, 2016;Ladino et al, 2017), particularly in tropical maritime clouds (Koenig, 1963(Koenig, , 1965Hobbs and Rangno, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of secondary ice production in clouds

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Disparities between the measured concentrations of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and in-cloud ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) have led to the hypothesis that mechanisms other than primary nucleation form ice in the atmosphere. Here, we model three of these secondary production mechanisms -rime splintering, frozen droplet shattering, and ice-ice collisional breakup -with a sixhydrometeor-class parcel model. We perform three sets of simulations to understand temporal evolution of ice hydrometeor number (N ice ), thermodynamic limitations, and the impact of parametric uncertainty when secondary production is active. Output is assessed in terms of the number of primarily nucleated ice crystals that must exist before secondary production initiates (N (lim) INP ) as well as the ICNC enhancement from secondary production and the timing of a 100-fold enhancement. N ice evolution can be understood in terms of collision-based nonlinearity and the "phasedness" of the process, i.e., whether it involves ice hydrometeors, liquid ones, or both. Ice-ice collisional breakup is the only process for which a meaningful N INP here suggest that, under appropriate thermodynamic conditions for secondary ice production, perturbations in cloud concentration nuclei concentrations are more influential in mixed-phase partitioning than those in INP concentrations.

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“…However, the contribution of primary nucleation to ice production in mixed-phase clouds is still uncertain. In situ studies often indicate that the measured ice concentrations are substantially higher than the measured INP concentration (Ackerman et al, 2015;Hobbs & Rangno, 1990;Hogan et al, 2002;Ladino et al, 2017;Lawson et al, 2015;Taylor et al, 2016), leading to the hypothesis that under suitable conditions, SIP dominate the ice content in mixed-phase clouds. Furthermore, when implementing the DeMott et al (2010) parameterization to predict the INP concentration, numerical models cannot explain the observed ice particles size distribution and concentration (Farrington et al, 2016;Fridlind et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SIPs mainly depend on the ambient temperature and droplets' size distribution (Field et al, 2017;Lawson et al, 2015;Mossop, 1976;Sullivan et al, 2018). Several studies recognized the importance of SIP in glaciating clouds in pristine environments, such as the marine and polar atmospheres (Burrows et al, 2013;Engel et al, 2013;Hobbs & Rangno, 1990) and in convective clouds (Field et al, 2017;Ladino et al, 2017). Previous studies found high ice concentrations in continental clouds that cannot be attributed to primary ice nucleation (Blyth & Latham, 1993;Rangno & Hobbs, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Secondary Ice Processes in Midlatitude Continental Clouds

et al. 2018

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Clouds contribute very large uncertainties to our understanding of Earth's climate system. This is partly attributed to the insufficient predictive abilities of ice formation processes in clouds and the ramifications for the hydrological cycle and climate. To improve predictions of ice particle concentrations in clouds, a better understanding of the relative contributions of ice nucleating particles and secondary ice processes (SIPs) is needed. To address this challenging question, we combine ice nucleation measurements via immersion freezing of particles filtered from rainwater, with satellite‐retrieved cloud top glaciation temperatures (Tg) of the same clouds, while considering the chemical composition of the rainwater, the particles, and the particles' mass loads. In addition, laboratory‐derived ice nucleation parameterization of K‐feldspar was implemented in an ice nucleation model in order to reconstruct Tg considering primary ice nucleation only. We show that the observed Tg does not correlate with the median freezing temperature of the drops from the laboratory measurements froze (T50), and are significantly warmer than the model prediction. This suggests that SIP play a major role in glaciating the investigated clouds system. Furthermore, we show that the difference between Tg and T50 best correlates with the size of the cloud droplets at −5 °C, indicating that SIP is controlled by cloud droplet sizes. Hence, our results suggest that the effect of SIP on Tg, and therefore on Earth's radiation budget, may be significant.

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On the role of ice‐nucleating aerosol in the formation of ice particles in tropical mesoscale convective systems

Cited by 58 publications

References 98 publications

Characterization of Ice‐Nucleating Particles Over Northern India

Characterization of Ice‐Nucleating Particles Over Northern India

Initiation of secondary ice production in clouds

The Role of Secondary Ice Processes in Midlatitude Continental Clouds

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