2018
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024846
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On the Road to Breeding 4.0: Unraveling the Good, the Bad, and the Boring of Crop Quantitative Genomics

Abstract: Understanding the quantitative genetics of crops has been and will continue to be central to maintaining and improving global food security. We outline four stages that plant breeding either has already achieved or will probably soon achieve. Top-of-the-line breeding programs are currently in Breeding 3.0, where inexpensive, genome-wide data coupled with powerful algorithms allow us to start breeding on predicted instead of measured phenotypes. We focus on three major questions that must be answered to move fr… Show more

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Cited by 202 publications
(153 citation statements)
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“…Human-guided domestication began approximately 12 000 years ago in the Middle East and Fertile Crescent, and subsequently occurred in different parts of the world including China, Mesoamerica and the Andes, Near Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and eastern North America (Purugganan and Fuller, 2009;Meyer and Purugganan, 2013) (Figure 1). Based on the idea of Plant Breeding 4.0 (Wallace et al, 2019), we further extend our view to divide the history of crop improvement into four generations. First-generation (1G) breeding began with phenotype-based selection by local independent farmers, which slowly led to the dramatic changes observed in modern crops (Doebley et al, 2006;Wallace et al, 2019).…”
Section: The History Of Crop Domestication and Improvementmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Human-guided domestication began approximately 12 000 years ago in the Middle East and Fertile Crescent, and subsequently occurred in different parts of the world including China, Mesoamerica and the Andes, Near Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and eastern North America (Purugganan and Fuller, 2009;Meyer and Purugganan, 2013) (Figure 1). Based on the idea of Plant Breeding 4.0 (Wallace et al, 2019), we further extend our view to divide the history of crop improvement into four generations. First-generation (1G) breeding began with phenotype-based selection by local independent farmers, which slowly led to the dramatic changes observed in modern crops (Doebley et al, 2006;Wallace et al, 2019).…”
Section: The History Of Crop Domestication and Improvementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on the idea of Plant Breeding 4.0 (Wallace et al, 2019), we further extend our view to divide the history of crop improvement into four generations. First-generation (1G) breeding began with phenotype-based selection by local independent farmers, which slowly led to the dramatic changes observed in modern crops (Doebley et al, 2006;Wallace et al, 2019). With the world population massively increasing by the turn of the 20th century, until hybrid breeding (2G) was developed in the 1980s and mating designs and statistical analyses were incorporated (Fisher, 1919;Wright, 1921), the use of fertilizer and pesticide became widespread (Carvalho, 2017), and the first ''green revolution'' occurred at the end of the 1950s, resulting in dwarf plants with consequently higher yields (Khush, 2001).…”
Section: The History Of Crop Domestication and Improvementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Breeding at the time was long, tedious and rudimentary and yet it yielded results; the best plants in the field were selected and their seeds were kept as stock for future planting. This process led to genetic mutations and sometimes resulted in new useful traits which were bred into economically important crops by human selection [13].…”
Section: Resources In Plant Breedingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are many different applications for these new data sets, including gene cloning and the study of regulatory networks. These new and comprehensive data sets provide valuable resources for maize research, and have the potential to completely revolutionize breeding (16).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%