On the removal of sulfonamides using microbial bioelectrochemical systems

Attenuation of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) in bioelectrochemical systems

“…Sulfamethoxazole is considered to be more amenable to biodegradation than trimethoprim in activated sludge systems (P erez et al, 2005; G€ obel et al, 2007) and trace concentrations (6 mg/L) have been shown to be completely removed in BESs (Harnisch et al, 2013). Harnisch et al (2013) also showed, by analyzing the sulfamethoxazole N 4 -acetyl metabolite, that the removal of sulfamethoxazole in BES did not proceed via reformation of the parent compound. Sulfamethoxazole has been shown to be biodegraded under anaerobic conditions (Carballa et al, 2007;Narumiya et al, 2013;Martín et al, 2015).…”

“…Anodic biofilms are also known to be robust and can tolerate high concentrations (1000 mg/L) of potentially toxic compounds, such as sulfamethoxazole, without any noticeable deterioration in bioelectrocatalytic performance (Patil et al, 2010). Apart from the study by Harnisch et al (2013), there is little information available to evaluate the attenuation of various TOrCs in BES.…”

“…Harnisch et al (2013) reported the complete removal of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, a TOrC widely detected in wastewater effluents, using wastewater derived anodic biofilms in a BES fed with acetate at a fixed anode potential of 0.2 V (Ag/AgCl). Anodic biofilms are also known to be robust and can tolerate high concentrations (1000 mg/L) of potentially toxic compounds, such as sulfamethoxazole, without any noticeable deterioration in bioelectrocatalytic performance (Patil et al, 2010).…”

Electrochemical removal of pharmaceuticals from water streams: Reactivity elucidation by mass spectrometry

“…Harnish et al [28] described the formation of biofilms on a graphite anode by applying an Eanod = 0.2 V/Ag/AgCl, with the ability to remove almost completely 6 μg L −1 of sulfonamides (e.g. sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole, sulfadimidine and sulfadiazine) and their corresponding N 4 -acetyl metabolites.…”

Electrochemical degradation of nitrofurans furazolidone by cathode: Characterization, pathway and antibacterial activity analysis

“…The existence of FZD in the wastewaters or surface water environments must be degraded to eliminate its antibacterial activity. The electrochemistry based method for the removal of various antibiotic chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, penicillin, and metronidazole by abiotic anode, bioanode, abiotic cathode or biocathode in electrochemical system has been studied extensively [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, regarding the electrochemical degradation of nitrofurans FZD by cathode has not been well understood yet.…”