On the reliability of thermoelectric cooling and generator modules

Gorginpour

2021

Wind Energy

In recent years, renewable resources, especially large‐scale wind farms, are increasingly used to generate clean electricity in modern power systems. The penetration level of these power plants is significant, and due to the variation in the wind speed resulting in the variation in the generated power, different aspects of power systems, especially reliability, may be affected that must be studied. Reliability evaluation of power system considering large‐scale wind farms is dependent on two factors: the failure rates of composed components including turbine, generator, electrical converters, transformer, and cable and the variation in the generated power arising from variation in the wind speed. In this paper, dependency of different component failure rates on the wind speed variation is considered, and using the Monte Carlo simulation, reliability evaluation of power systems containing large‐scale wind farms is performed. A wind farm equipped with the permanent magnet synchronous generator is considered, and the failure rate of composed components considering wind speed variation is determined. Based on the wind speed‐dependent failure rate associated with the components of energy conversion system, the important reliability indices of Roy Billinton test system including loss of load expectation and expected energy not supplied are calculated.

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

λ = λ_{0} f_{TA}

f_{TA} = e^{- \frac{Ea}{k} ((), \frac{1}{θ_{HST} + 273} - \frac{1}{298})}

Section: Failure Rate Of Composed Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability evaluation of permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based wind turbines considering wind speed variations

Gorginpour

2021

Wind Energy

“…where f TA , λ, λ 0 , E a , k and θ HST are temperature acceleration factor, generator failure rate in θ HST temperature (in C), base temperature generator failure rate, energy deeded for activation, Boltzmann constant and temperature associated with operating point, respectively. 20 The failure rate of a typical PMSG that is considered to be used in the understudied tidal power plant equipped to the reservoir in different values of the water head flow through the turbine is calculated and shown in Figure 4. The required information of the PMSG can be found in Refs.…”

Section: Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of tidal height variation on the reliability of barrage‐type tidal power plants

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

Mirzadeh

2020

Summary Increase in the penetration level of renewable resources results in the development of new approaches to assess the impacts of these variable resources on the power network. Large‐scale barrage‐type tidal generation units can integrate to the power network for reliability improvement. For reliability analysis of a power system containing these plants, a reliability model is developed. This model is considered the components' failure and also the output power variation arisen from the change of the tidal height should be developed. For this purpose, a multi‐state reliability model considering variation of tidal height that affects components failure rate and also the value of generated power is developed. The failure rate of components including transformer, turbine, cable, generator and electrical converter is dependent on the tidal height and turbine velocity. The paper is focused on the developing a thermal model for each component. Based on the temperature rise of the components, the associated variable failure rate is calculated from the Arrhenius law. The multi‐state reliability model of barrage‐type tidal energy conversion system considering variable failure rate of components is utilized to study the generation power systems adequacy based on the analytical and Monte Carlo approaches. This model is also utilized for reliability assessment of composite power system containing barrage‐type tidal power plants. Considering variable failure rate of components results in a more accurate reliability model for tidal power plant. Based on this model, the effects of different tidal patterns on the reliability indices can accurately be studied.

“…where λ(T), λ T0 , E 0 , k and T are the failure rate at temperature T (in°k ), failure rate associated with base temperature, activation energy, Boltzman constant and temperature, respectively [34].…”

Section: Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [31–33], based on the generator winding current associated with the specified power, the temperature rise of the generator winding due to the winding resistance considering heat transfer (thermal conduction, convection and radiation) is determined. On the basis of the Arrhenius law, the generator failure rate associated with a specified temperature (resulting from the variation in tidal height and the consequently generated power) is calculated as

λ false(T false) = λ_{T_{0}} e^{false(- false(E_{a} false) / false(k T false) false)}

where λ ( T ), λ T0 , E 0 , k and T are the failure rate at temperature T (in ° k ), failure rate associated with base temperature, activation energy, Boltzman constant and temperature, respectively [34].…”

Section: Reliability Model Of Tppbbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adequacy studies of power systems with barrage‐type tidal power plants

Mirzadeh

Simab

IET Renewable Power Generation

2019

Tidal as renewable energy is increasingly utilised for power generation in many countries. Integration of tidal plants into the power system requires considering the intermittent nature of the generated power caused by variable tide levels. Thus, the reliability studies of power systems including high tidal generation affected by the uncertain nature resulting from the variable water levels are investigated. The reliability model of a tidal power plant on a barrage is proposed. In the proposed model, the failure rates of the composed components (especially the hydro pump and gate) and the effect of tidal height variation on the components failure rate are considered. Also, the reliability model with numerous states resulting from the variability of the generated power through the fuzzy C-means clustering technique and Xie-Beni index is reduced to a multi-state reliability model. The resulting reliability model is utilised for the generation adequacy studies of a power system containing large-scale tidal power plants. Moreover, different reliability indices are calculated for future generation expansion planning. The proposed technique is applied to the two-test systems, and sensitivity analysis is performed. Besides, the effects of the hydro pump, maintenance, ageing of the components and peak load are investigated.