Reliability evaluation of permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based wind turbines considering wind speed variations

Abstract

In recent years, renewable resources, especially large‐scale wind farms, are increasingly used to generate clean electricity in modern power systems. The penetration level of these power plants is significant, and due to the variation in the wind speed resulting in the variation in the generated power, different aspects of power systems, especially reliability, may be affected that must be studied. Reliability evaluation of power system considering large‐scale wind farms is dependent on two factors: the failure rates of composed components including turbine, generator, electrical converters, transformer, and cable and the variation in the generated power arising from variation in the wind speed. In this paper, dependency of different component failure rates on the wind speed variation is considered, and using the Monte Carlo simulation, reliability evaluation of power systems containing large‐scale wind farms is performed. A wind farm equipped with the permanent magnet synchronous generator is considered, and the failure rate of composed components considering wind speed variation is determined. Based on the wind speed‐dependent failure rate associated with the components of energy conversion system, the important reliability indices of Roy Billinton test system including loss of load expectation and expected energy not supplied are calculated.

The Impact of the Speed and Temperature Variation on the Electric Vehicles Reliability

“…Not considering the variable failure rate [4] Reliability comparison between electric and conventional vehicles Not considering variable failure rate and failure of composed components [8][9][10][11][12] Determining variable failure rate of composed components of wind turbine, current type tidal turbines, and barrage type tidal units arisen from variation in the wind speed, tidal current speed, and tidal height Not considering the reliability of electric vehicles [13-20, 23, 25] Reliability evaluation of distribution network, generation power system, composite power system, DC and AC power system containing electric vehicles e electric vehicles are modeled as energy storage systems and do not consider the failure of composed components and also variable failure rate.…”

“…In (11), the failure rate is obtained in times of occurrence per 1000000 hours. e parameters fr 1 , fr 2 , fr 3 , and fr 4 are, respectively, the operation-mode base failure rate, nonoperation-mode base failure rate, the temperature cycles failure rate, and the failure rate of junction electrical stress.…”

“…where P sm-loss , r m, and i m are the power loss of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the electrical resistance of each stator winding of the motor, and the RMS value of the current passing through stator windings of the synchronous motor. According to the thermal modeling of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the equivalent thermal resistance is determined and so, the operating temperature of the motor can be determined as [11] T sm � T a + r sm−th P sm−loss , (19) where T sm and r sm-th are the operating temperatures of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in Kelvin and the equivalent thermal resistance of the motor. According to the obtained operating temperature of the synchronous motor and the use of the Arrhenius law, the failure rate of the electrical parts of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is calculated.…”

“…e electric converters are used in different renewable energybased power plants such as wind and tidal turbines, photovoltaic systems, and tidal barrages. In [8][9][10][11][12], reliability studies of the renewable generation units considering the variable failure rate of components are performed. In [8], a reliability evaluation of the current type tidal turbines equipped with the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is performed.…”

“…In this paper, the impact of variation in the tidal level on the failure rate of composed components of the barrage type tidal power plant including turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator, back-to-back converter, transformer, and cable is taken into account. Paper [11] evaluates the reliability of wind turbines equipped with the permanent magnet synchronous generator using the Monte Carlo simulation approach. In this paper, the failure rate of the composed components of the wind unit is considered to vary with variation in the wind speed.…”