On the Razor's edge: The liberation tigers of Tamil Eelam

altruism and fatalism: the characteristics of palestinian suicide terrorists

“…Most of them focused on the operational aspects of suicide bombing (Joshi 1996;Kushner 1996;Israeli 1997;Sprinzak 2000;Schweitzer 2001) that is, how attacks were carried out and under what circumstances. Other analysts (Merari 1990) have employed behavioral theories in an effort to explain the Shahid's motivations.…”

Social psychology, terrorism, and identity: a preliminary re‐examination of theory, culture, self, and society

“…Many boys ran off from their homes, leaving terse notes that they were going away to fight for Eelam'' (p. 104). The symbolic nature of the ensuing violence against Tamils served as yet another impetus for people to become involved in the struggle for Tamil Eelam (Hoole et al, 1990;Joshi, 1996).…”

Women in the LTTE: Birds of Freedom or Cogs in the Wheel?

“…The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) is a preeminent separatist organization fighting for an independent and sovereign Tamil state in the northern and eastern regions of Sri Lanka (Rao, 1988;Wilson, 1988;Robert 1992;Joshi, 1995;Rajasingham-Senanayake, 2000;Gunaratna, 1998Gunaratna, , 2002Imtiyaz, 2008). The utilization of children as soldiers (Gray & Matchin III, 2008), the assassinations of several high-ranking Indian and Sri Lanka politicians (Stack-O'Connor, 2007), as well as women's involvement as a significant tactical weapon (De Mel, 2004), can be defined as the fundamental characteristics of the LTTE.…”

“…The outbreak of the Sri Lanka civil war between the Sinhalese majority and the Tamil minority can be traceable to the major attack carried by the LTTE (which resulted in the deaths of 13 Sri Lanka soldiers) and subsequently Sinhalese 'Black-July' riots against the Tamil community in the year 1983. From then a series of attacks and counterattacks continued to become even more sophisticated: the first major attack conducted by the LTTE followed by anti-Tamil riots across Sri Lanka followed by numerous Tamil youth joining Tamil militant groups followed by the outbreak of the first Sri Lanka civil War followed by 'Indian Peace Keeping Force' Period followed by 1995 ceasefire and 2002 ceasefire, and finally the LTTE was defeated by the State in May 2009 (Hennayake, 1989;Joshi, 1995;Stokke & Ryntveit, 2000;Naik, 2008). Since 1983, the civil war has resulted in over 70,000 deaths, and produced hundreds of thousands of refugees and so-called 'internal displaced people' (Van Brabant, 1998;The Economist, 2008).…”