On the Prospects for Acoustic Sounding of the Fine Structure of the Middle Atmosphere

Kulichkov, S. N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9508-5_16

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While the effects of such perturbations on infrasound propagation dominate when stratospheric winds reduce and reverse, the effects are limited during downwind and upwind conditions. Alternatively, the observations could possibly be explained by partial reflections of infrasound due to steep vertical wind and temperature gradients in the upper stratosphere and the mesosphere, following the theory by Kulichkov [2010]. However, such arrivals are typically characterized by small amplitudes, which is not in line with the observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…As infrasound waves propagate through the atmosphere, the wave characteristics reveal, in addition to information about the source, significant features of the vertical structure of the wind and temperature. The interpretation of these data has motivated studies on sources of infrasonic waves and their propagation in the upper atmosphere as a means to monitor passively stratospheric [Antier et al, 2007;Kulichkov, 2010] and mesospheric-thermospheric [Rind et al, 1973;Le Pichon et al, 2005b;Assink et al, 2013;Chunchuzov et al, 2013] wind and temperature fields. Among others, studies have focused on the influence of geomagnetic fluctuations [Garcés et al, 2002] and atmospheric solar tides on infrasound propagation, which modulates wind speed and direction in the upper atmosphere [Le Pichon et al, 2005a;Green et al, 2012].…”

Section: Passive Acoustic Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, the spread in the observed waveform parameters is not fully explained by these simulations. This could be explained by full-wave effects (for example, associated with small-scale fluctuations [Kulichkov, 2010]) or by uncertainties associated with the parameter estimation [Szuberla and Olson, 2004].…”

Section: Predictions and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum value corresponds to the sound speed at the source level (see equation (A6), for = 0 • ), the maximum value is estimated from the maximum effective sound speed value in the middle atmosphere. This implies that we neglect any partial reflections of infrasound due to temperature and wind inhomogeneities in the stratosphere and the mesosphere [Kulichkov, 2010]. This is justified, as the amplitudes associated with such arrivals at large distances are typically small.…”

Section: Estimation Of Effective Sound Speed Profile Updates From Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of wind and temperature profiles from ECMWF analysis on two hemispheres using volcanic infrasound

et al. 2014

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In this paper, we evaluate vertical wind and temperature profiles that are produced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric analysis. The evaluation is carried out on both hemispheres: we make use of stratospheric infrasound arrivals from Mount Etna (37°N) and Mount Yasur (22°S). The near‐continuous, high activity of both volcanoes permits the study of stratospheric propagation along well‐defined paths with a time resolution ranging from hours to multiple years. Infrasound observables are compared to theoretical estimates obtained from acoustic propagation modeling using the ECMWF analysis. While a first‐order agreement is found for both hemispheres, we report on significant discrepancies around some of the equinox periods and other intervals during which the atmosphere is in a state of transition and dynamical oscillations of the atmosphere dominate over the general circulation. We present an inversion study in which we make use of measured trace velocity estimates to estimate first‐order effective sound speed model updates in a Bayesian framework. Deviations from the a priori models around the stratopause up to 10% (≈ 30 m s−1) are estimated. Such updates are in line with the results from comparisons between ECMWF analysis and observations from lidar and microwave Doppler spectroradiometer facilities that were colocated during the course of the 2012–2013 Atmospheric dynamics Research and InfraStructure in Europe (ARISE) measurement campaign.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Passive Acoustic Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Predictions and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Effective Sound Speed Profile Updates From Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of wind and temperature profiles from ECMWF analysis on two hemispheres using volcanic infrasound

et al. 2014

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“…As infrasonic waves propagate into the MA, significant features of the vertical structure of the temperature and wind are reflected in the detected signal on the ground [e.g., Kulichkov, 2010;Chunchuzov et al, 2013]. This has motivated the development of atmospheric remote sensing methods [e.g., Drob et al, 2010;Lalande et al, 2012;Landès et al, 2014;Assink et al, 2014a].…”

Section: Monitoring High-altitude Winds Using Infrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of co‐located independent ground‐based middle atmospheric wind and temperature measurements with numerical weather prediction models

et al. 2015

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High-resolution, ground-based and independent observations including co-located wind radiometer, lidar stations, and infrasound instruments are used to evaluate the accuracy of general circulation models and data-constrained assimilation systems in the middle atmosphere at northern hemisphere midlatitudes. Systematic comparisons between observations, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses including the recent Integrated Forecast System cycles 38r1 and 38r2, the NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalyses, and the free-running climate Max Planck Institute-Earth System Model-Low Resolution (MPI-ESM-LR) are carried out in both temporal and spectral domains. We find that ECMWF and MERRA are broadly consistent with lidar and wind radiometer measurements up to~40 km. For both temperature and horizontal wind components, deviations increase with altitude as the assimilated observations become sparser. Between 40 and 60 km altitude, the standard deviation of the mean difference exceeds 5 K for the temperature and 20 m/s for the zonal wind. The largest deviations are observed in winter when the variability from large-scale planetary waves dominates. Between lidar data and MPI-ESM-LR, there is an overall agreement in spectral amplitude down to 15-20 days. At shorter time scales, the variability is lacking in the model by~10 dB. Infrasound observations indicate a general good agreement with ECWMF wind and temperature products. As such, this study demonstrates the potential of the infrastructure of the Atmospheric Dynamics Research Infrastructure in Europe project that integrates various measurements and provides a quantitative understanding of stratosphere-troposphere dynamical coupling for numerical weather prediction applications.

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Bidirectional infrasonic ducts associated with sudden stratospheric warming events

et al. 2014

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In January 2011, the state of the polar vortex in the midlatitudes changed significantly due to a minor sudden stratospheric warming event. As a result, a bidirectional duct for infrasound propagation developed in the middle atmosphere that persisted for 2 weeks. The ducts were due to two zonal wind jets, one between 30 and 50 km and the other around 70 km altitude. In this paper, using microbarom source modeling, a previously unidentified source region in the eastern Mediterranean is identified, besides the more well known microbarom source regions in the Atlantic Ocean. Infrasound data are then presented in which the above mentioned bidirectional duct is observed in microbarom signals recorded at the International Monitoring System station I48TN in Tunisia, from the Mediterranean region to the east and from the Atlantic Ocean to the west. While the frequency bands of the two sources overlap, the Mediterranean signal is coherent up to about 0.6 Hz. This observation is consistent with the microbarom source modeling; the discrepancy in the frequency band is related to differences in the ocean wave spectra for the two basins considered. This work demonstrates the sensitivity of infrasound to stratospheric dynamics and illustrates that the classic paradigm of a unidirectional stratospheric duct for infrasound propagation can be broken during a sudden stratospheric warming event.

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On the Prospects for Acoustic Sounding of the Fine Structure of the Middle Atmosphere

Cited by 41 publications

References 31 publications

Evaluation of wind and temperature profiles from ECMWF analysis on two hemispheres using volcanic infrasound

Evaluation of wind and temperature profiles from ECMWF analysis on two hemispheres using volcanic infrasound

Comparison of co‐located independent ground‐based middle atmospheric wind and temperature measurements with numerical weather prediction models

Bidirectional infrasonic ducts associated with sudden stratospheric warming events

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