On the production of radioisotopes in the atmosphere by cosmic radiation and their application to meteorology

Lal, D.; Malhotra, P.K.; Peters, B.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(58)90062-x

Cited by 190 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Be (T 1/2 = 53.4 d), a natural radionuclide, is produced through the reaction of cosmic-ray-spallation with nitrogen and oxygen in the stratosphere and upper troposphere (Lal et al, 1958). Its deposition to the ground is usually influenced by latitude, sunspot numbers, and the intensity of geomagnetic field (Masarik et al, 1999;Nagai et al, 2000;Usoskin et al, 2008;Chao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Deposition of 7Be in the Southeast of China: A Case Study in Xiamen

Zhang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Be deposition and precipitation, existing in both northeast and southwest monsoon seasons, suggested the dominant removal of atmospheric 7 Be via precipitation. However, the correlations showed a large slope for the northeast monsoon season, indicating higher 7 Be contents in the atmosphere during the northeast monsoon prevailing months, supported by the precipitation-normalized 7 Be and the temporal variability of 7 Be/ 210 Pb ratios. Such a scenario revealed more intensive exchange of air mass between the stratosphere and troposphere during the northeast monsoon prevailing months. Together with the high pollutant concentrations in ambient air observed in these seasons, the results indicated that the pollutants in Xiamen might enter into the upper troposphere via vertical air mass exchange.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Deposition of 7Be in the Southeast of China: A Case Study in Xiamen

Zhang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the line connecting minimum cosmic ray intensities in longitudinal pro¢les) is essentially identical to the inclination equator (I = 0³). In order to derive his scaling factors, Lal used a network of neutron £ux measurements at various atmospheric depths (1030 g/cm 2 [6], 681 g/cm 2 [3], and 312 g/cm 2 [2], see [7]). All of these data show the e¡ects of the real geomagnetic ¢eld, i.e.…”

Section: E¡ects Of the Geomagnetic ¢Eld On The Cosmic Ray £Uxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data are evaluated using a similar approach as described by Lal [7], however, with two important di¡erences : (1) now the e¡ects of the geomagnetic ¢eld as described by International Geomagnetic Reference Field for the period of data acquisition are considered and (2) only absorption free pathlength determinations are used that were obtained at elevations relevant for exposure age dating utilizing in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides: a critical reevaluation

Dunai

2000

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

347

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New scaling factors are presented describing the altitude and latitudinal dependence of production rates for in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides. The new factors incorporate the influence of the non-dipole contributions to the geomagnetic field on the cosmic ray flux. The currently used scaling factors of Lal [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 104 (1991) 424^439] are based on the assumption of a dipole field. The overall strategy used in deriving the new scaling factors is, however, very similar to that of Lal and relies on the same and/or similar nuclear data. In this reevaluation, data are only used if the effective geomagnetic parameters (inclination, horizontal field strength) can be reconstructed for the time of measurement. The absorption free pathlengths 1 for cosmic rays selected for this study are based on observational data at altitudes relevant for exposure age dating (sea level to 7000 m). At sea level and latitudes between 20³ and 40³, the new factors are up to 18% lower and at high altitudes more than 30% higher than those of Lal. In addition to accounting for the influence of the effective geomagnetic field and providing more applicable estimates of 1, the new factors also allow for correction for the significant deviations from the standard pressure^altitude relationship that exist in the atmosphere (910%). ß

show abstract

“…Be-7 is a relative short lived (T 1/2 = 53.3 d) naturally occurring radionuclide of cosmogenic origin, which is formed in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by spallation reactions of light atmospheric nuclei (nitrogen and oxygen) with cosmic rays [6]. The combined effects of high 7 Be production rates in the stratosphere (about 70%; [1]) and the relatively rapid removal of aerosol-associated species from the troposphere, produce a stratospheric 7 Be concentration of about an order of magnitude higher than those just below the tropopause [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

⁷Be atmospheric concentration at mid latitudes (40°N) during a year of solar minimum

Kotsopoulou

Ioannidou

2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper we present the variation of 7 Be concentration in the surface air of Thessaloniki, Greece (40 • 62 N,22 • 95 E) over the year 2009, a year of a deep solar minimum, and, as a consequence, a year of maximum concentration of 7 Be in surface air. The mean annual activity concentration of 7 Be for the year 2009 was 6.0 mBq m −3 . The relative variability of 7 Be surface concentration related to the solar cycle was calculated to be deviated by about 20% from maximum to mean. A positive correlation (R = 0.97) was revealed between the activity of 7 Be and the temperature T ( • C), confirming that the increased rate of vertical transport within the troposphere, especially during warmer months, that make descend air masses enriched in 7 Be down to the surface layer. The anticorrelation (R = −0.65) with RH% is due to intense condensation during high relative humidity conditions, which results in increased aerosol particle sizes and as a consequence in higher scavenging rate of aerosols and lower concentration of 7 Be in the atmosphere. The influence of precipitation on the 7 Be atmospheric concentration variability was approximately 10%, with greater the influence of rainfall events of low precipitation rate e.g. drizzling. *

show abstract

On the production of radioisotopes in the atmosphere by cosmic radiation and their application to meteorology

Cited by 190 publications

References 38 publications

Atmospheric Deposition of 7Be in the Southeast of China: A Case Study in Xiamen

Atmospheric Deposition of 7Be in the Southeast of China: A Case Study in Xiamen

Scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides: a critical reevaluation

⁷Be atmospheric concentration at mid latitudes (40°N) during a year of solar minimum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

On the production of radioisotopes in the atmosphere by cosmic radiation and their application to meteorology

Cited by 190 publications

References 38 publications

Atmospheric Deposition of 7Be in the Southeast of China: A Case Study in Xiamen

Atmospheric Deposition of 7Be in the Southeast of China: A Case Study in Xiamen

Scaling factors for production rates of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides: a critical reevaluation

7Be atmospheric concentration at mid latitudes (40°N) during a year of solar minimum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

⁷Be atmospheric concentration at mid latitudes (40°N) during a year of solar minimum