On the processes linking climate to ecosystem changes

Drinkwater, Kenneth F.; Beaugrand, Grégory; Kaeriyama, Masahide; Kim, Suam; Ottersen, Geir; Perry, R. Ian; Pörtner, Hans‐Otto; Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Takasuka, Akinori

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.12.014

Cited by 231 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…Interannual variation in climate and climate change affect marine ecosystems by, e.g., the poleward species range expansions, changes in local species compositions due to physiological intolerance to new conditions (e.g., a shift from marine to brackish or freshwater species with decreasing salinities) and arrival of nonindigenous species, observed across a large number of marine ecosystems (Beaugrand et al 2002, Drinkwater 2002, Daskalov et al 2007, Drinkwater et al 2010. However, more specific changes in climate conditions and, consequently, in the marine environment are often largely determined by the location and general characteristics of the sea (Philippart et al 2011).…”

Section: Future Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Marine environments have undergone large-scale changes in recent decades as a result of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation, etc., causing often nonlinear ecosystem responses. At the same time, management institutions lack the appropriate measures to address these abrupt transformations. We focus on existing examples from social-ecological systems of European seas that can be used to inform and advise future management. Examples from the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea on long-term ecosystem changes caused by eutrophication and fisheries, as well as changes in management institutions, illustrate nonlinear dynamics in social-ecological systems. Furthermore, we present two major future challenges, i.e., climate change and energy intensification, that could further increase the potential for nonlinear changes in the near future. Practical tools to address these challenges are presented, such as ensuring learning, flexibility, and networking in decision-making processes across sectors and scales. A combination of risk analysis with a scenario-planning approach might help to identify the risks of ecosystem changes early on and may frame societal changes to inform decision-making structures to proactively prevent drastic surprises in European seas.

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Section: Future Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

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“…Other indirect effects may include the advection of key prey items from one area to another (i.e., displacement) or changes to system productivity (17). Because of the different ecological responses, a population may react immediately to a climate signal or, because there are often several physical or biological intermediary steps between the forcing and the ecological trait, have a temporally delayed (lagged) response (11,18). These complex interactions may cause unexpected disruptions in the ability of a population to withstand or adjust to climate changes, cause populations to become more sensitive to climate variability at interannual to interdecadal scales (9), or cause fishery management schemes to have unexpected results (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergies between climate and management for Atlantic cod fisheries at high latitudes

Kjesbu¹,

Bogstad²,

Devine³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

175

186

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The widespread depletion of commercially exploited marine living resources is often seen as a general failure of management and results in criticism of contemporary management procedures. When populations show dramatic and positive changes in population size, this invariably leads to questions about whether favorable climatic conditions or good management (or both) were responsible. The Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua) stock has recently increased markedly and the spawning stock biomass is now at an unprecedented high. We identify the crucial social and environmental factors that made this unique growth possible. The relationship between vital rates of Barents Sea cod stock productivity (recruitment, growth, and mortality) and environment is investigated, followed by simulations of population size under different management scenarios. We show that the recent sustained reduction in fishing mortality, facilitated by the implementation of a "harvest control rule," was essential to the increase in population size. Simulations show that a drastic reduction in fishing mortality has resulted in a doubling of the total population biomass compared with that expected under the former management regime. However, management alone was not solely responsible. We document that prevailing climate, operating through several mechanistic links, positively reinforced management actions. Heightened temperature resulted in an increase in the extent of the suitable feeding area for Barents Sea cod, likely offering a release from density-dependent effects (for example, food competition and cannibalism) through prolonged overlap with prey and improved adult stock productivity. Management and climate may thus interact to give a positive outlook for exploited high-latitude marine resources.gadoids | population dynamics | quota | ocean warming | polar displacement

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“…The estuary receives nutrients (from anthropogenic activities) as river runoff, resulting in relatively high phytoplankton biomass (Helbling et al 1992, tallas, la composición de las especies, la distribución, el crecimiento y la reproducción (e.g., Mackas y Beaugrand 2010, Overland et al 2010. También abordan cuestiones clave como los efectos del cambio climático en las comunidades de plancton (Drinkwater et al 2010. Las características demográficas del mesozooplancton marino lo vuelven especialmente adecuado para examinar la variabilidad de los ecosistemas marinos (Mackas y Beaugrand 2010).…”

Section: Study Areaunclassified

“…They also address key questions such as the effects of climate change on plankton communities (Drinkwater et al 2010. The demographic characteristics of marine mesozooplankton make them especially suitable for examining the variability of marine ecosystems (Mackas and Beaugrand 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of copepods in Atlantic Patagonian coastal waters throughout an annual cycle

Spinelli

Gonçalves²,

Villafañe³

et al. 2016

Cienc. Mar.

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study is to analyze the annual zooplankton succession at a coastal station in Patagonia (Argentina), with special emphasis on copepods and their potential preys, using solar radiation and temperature as environmental factors. The annual plankton cycle exhibited autumn/winter and spring/summer phases. During the autumn/winter phase, low temperature and radiation were correlated with higher diatom abundance and copepod diversity. This period was characterized by a dominant classical herbivorous food web in which the large copepod Calanoides carinatus dominated the community. On the contrary, during the spring/summer period, with high radiation and temperature levels, flagellates were the dominant food available for zooplankton and correlated with smaller species of copepods such as the harpacticoid Euterpina acutifrons. Also, intensive reproduction of the small copepods E. acutifrons and Paracalanus parvus occurred mainly in summer. On the other hand, high species diversity was found in winter when the ultraviolet radiation was low. The temporal pattern of the copepods observed in our study was explained by food availability and environmental factors (temperature and solar radiation), although other factors such as predator abundance may also be important in modulating the community. Our results show the importance of copepod abundance dynamics and highlights their key role in the pelagic food web in northern Patagonian coastal waters.Key words: zooplankton, harpacticoid copepods, Argentinean Sea, phytoplankton.RESUMEN. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la sucesión anual del zooplancton en una estación costera en la Patagonia (Argentina), con especial énfasis en copépodos y sus posibles presas, en relación con la radiación solar y la temperatura como factores ambientales. El ciclo anual del plancton mostró dos periodos, otoño/invierno y primavera/verano. Durante el periodo otoño/invierno, la baja temperatura y la radiación se correlacionaron con la mayor abundancia de diatomeas y la mayor diversidad de copépodos. Este periodo se caracterizó por la dominancia de la cadena clásica herbívora, y el copépodo grande Calanoides carinatus dominó la comunidad. Por el contrario, durante el periodo de primavera/verano, con alta radiación y mayores niveles de temperatura, los flagelados fueron el alimento disponible para el zooplancton y se correlacionaron con las especies pequeñas de copépodos como el harpacticoideo Euterpina acutifrons. Además, la reproducción intensiva de los copépodos pequeños E. acutifrons y Paracalanus parvus se llevó a cabo principalmente en verano. Por otro lado, se encontró una alta diversidad de especies en invierno, cuando la radiación ultravioleta fue baja. El patrón temporal de los copépodos observado en nuestro estudio fue explicado por la disponibilidad de alimento y los factores ambientales (temperatura y radiación solar), aunque otros factores tales como la abundancia de los depredadores pueden ser también importantes en la modulación de la comunidad. Nuestros ...

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On the processes linking climate to ecosystem changes

Cited by 231 publications

References 196 publications

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Synergies between climate and management for Atlantic cod fisheries at high latitudes

Diversity of copepods in Atlantic Patagonian coastal waters throughout an annual cycle

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