On the potential of polyetheretherketone matrix composites reinforced with ternary nanolaminates for tribological and biomedical applications

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We report the synthesis and characterization of engineered PEEK‐based composites by using biochar (DDGS500—pyrolyzed Distiller's dried grains with soluble (DDGS)), metal (Mo), and PEEK‐ceramic (Xonotlite) as reinforcements. A systematic study was done to understand the effect of these additives on functional and mechanical properties. Initially, these composites were synthesized by hot pressing. Microstructure analysis of reinforcement powders by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Detailed microstructure study of the composites showed that DDGS500 powder particulates were well dispersed within the PEEK matrix after the addition of 5 vol%. However, at higher concentration of 10 and 20 vol%, the particles segregated at the phase boundaries and PEEK rich cores were observed in the microstructure. Mo and Xonotlite particles were segregated at the phase boundaries even at 5 vol% concentration, which was more prominent at higher concentrations of 10 and 20 vol% reinforcements. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed lowering in melting point (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) and increase in crystallization in all the composites. The addition of DDGS500 and Mo enhanced the plasticity and Ultimate Compressive Strength (UCS) (5 vol% additions of DDGS500 and Mo enhanced the UCS by 12.6% and 32.2%, respectively) of the composites whereas Xonotlite additions increased brittleness of the composites. The addition of DDGS500, PEEK‐Mo, and PEEK‐Xonotlite particulates lowered the wear rate until 10 vol% by several orders of magnitude and stabilized the friction coefficient (μ) versus distance profile. However, significant increase in wear rate at 20 vol% of Xonotlite was observed due to third body abrasion. All the composites showed hydrophobic behavior except PEEK‐20 vol% Xonotlite, which showed hydrophilic behavior with a decrease in contact angle as a function of time, which shows that Xonotlite can be a promising additive for increasing hydrophilicity of PEEK‐based composites for biomedical applications.

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Porosity Hardness and Mechanical Behaviormentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Sample Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of engineered PEEK‐based composites for enhanced tribological and mechanical performance

Javaid

Dey

Matzke

et al. 2022

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“…High-performance polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites have attracted particular attention for the potential engineering applications, especially in the biomedical field for human bone replacement, because of their superior physicochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, and bone-like stiffness. 1,2 PEEK composites with the addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) exhibited better efficacy in biomedical uses with reduced toxicity and improved mechanical and thermal stability due to their large surface area, low density, and higher tensile properties. 3,4 The PEEK/MWCNT composites have been manufactured by several methods to address the role of MWCNTs in PEEK, including solution mixing, 5 compounding and injection molding, 6 chemical modification of CNTs 7 and melt blending of PEEK with MWCNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ionic liquids on thermomechanical properties of polyetheretherketone‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Ahmad

Mansor

Mahmood

et al. 2021

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) nanocomposites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a nanofiller have emerged as a potential alternative in biomedical applications. However, the effective dispersion of MWCNTs in PEEK matrices is still challenging due to the low compatibility of the MWCNTs with the polymer phase. This article investigates the effect of two ionic liquids (ILs) at different concentrations on thermomechanical properties of PEEK/MWCNTs composites. MWCNTs are modified with various concentrations (0.5-2 wt%) of IL[EMIM]Ac (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate)

“…In previous studies, long fibers-most often carbon fibers 5 or glass fibers 4 -are associated with the PEEK matrix. In addition, lamellar or particulate reinforcements such as graphite, 6,7 (Sukumaran, Schlarb, and Baets), molybdenum disulfide, 8 silicon carbide, 9 silicon oxide, 10 and titanium silicocarbide 11,12 have been incorporated. In other cases, it has been proved that polymer blends, through the addition of polyethersulfone 13 and polyetherimide 14 fillers, enhance the thermomechanical properties of PEEK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of size, concentration, and nature of fillers on crystallinity, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone composites

Doumeng

Berthet

Delbé

et al. 2021

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites exhibit high stiffness, chemical stability, and heat resistance and they are therefore employed in applications under severe operating environments. This work aims to provide insight into the effect of the size, concentration, and type of fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of PEEK. A total of 32 composites are used to highlight the influence of nature (lamellae, such as boron nitride and graphite and silicon carbide and alumina), size (nano and micrometric), and content (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 vol%) of fillers. The melting temperature and lamellar thickness did not change regardless of the nature of the filler. The thermomechanical analysis demonstrates that lamellar fillers form a percolating network and contribute significantly to the enhancement of the storage modulus. The increase in the storage modulus is proportional to the filler content, and it is more pronounced for micro composites.As expected, the percolating network is formed at lower concentrations for lamellar fillers than for spherical ones. The highest conductivity is achieved with graphite at 0.823 W m À1 K À1 , which is twice that of PEEK for 10 vol%. Moreover, the use of micrometric fillers results in thermal conductivity enhancement attributed to the higher amount of efficient hot zones for heat transfer.