On the possible significance of the transamidination reaction in evolution

Hird, F. J. R.; Cianciosi, S; McLean, R.M.; Niekrash, R.E.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(83)90281-x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[51][52][53]. L-arginine is a substrate for an alternative pathway for proline biosynthesis via ornithine and L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde [54], and can also be metabolized to polyamines via ornithine and putrescine [55]. Moreover, in tissues where nitric oxide is produced, the guanidino group in arginine is oxidized in the presence of NADPH by the nitric oxide synthase [56].…”

Section: Arginine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Metabolic Routes in Trypanosoma cruzi: Possible Therapeutic Targets Against Chagas; Disease

Silber

Colli²,

Ulrich³

et al. 2005

CDTID

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Chagas' disease is a zoonosis caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, a haematic protozoan, transmitted by insects from the Reduviidae family. This constitutes a relevant health and socio-economic problem in the Americas, with 11 - 18 million people infected, and approximately 100 million people at risk. The therapeutic possibilities rely into two drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, that were discovered more than thirty years ago, and are mainly successful during the acute phase of the disease. In the majority of the cases the disease is diagnosed in the chronic phase, when the therapy is inefficient and the probability of cure is low. In addition, these drugs are highly toxic, with systemic side effects on patients. Trypanosoma cruzi has a metabolism largely based on the consumption of amino acids, mainly proline, aspartate and glutamate, which constitute the main carbon and energy sources in the insect stage of the parasite life cycle. These amino acids also participate in the differentiation process of the replicative non-infective form (epimastigote) to the non-replicative infective form (trypomastigote). In particular, the participation of proline in the intracellular differentiation cycle, which occurs in the mammalian host, was recently demonstrated. In addition, an arginine kinase has been described in T. cruzi and T. brucei, which converts free arginine to phosphoarginine, a phosphagen with a role as an energy reservoir. Arginine kinase seems to be an essential component of energy management during stress conditions. Taken together, these data indicate that amino acid metabolism may provide multiple as yet unexplored targets for therapeutic drugs.

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Section: Arginine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Metabolic Routes in Trypanosoma cruzi: Possible Therapeutic Targets Against Chagas; Disease

Silber

Colli²,

Ulrich³

et al. 2005

CDTID

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“…Phosphoguanidino-containing compounds play a critical role as energy reserve because the highenergy phosphate can be readily transferred when the renewal of ATP is needed (Huennekens and Whiteley 1960). L-arginine is a substrate for an alternative pathway for proline biosynthesis via ornithine and L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde (Hird et al 1983), and can also be metabolized to polyamines via ornithine and putrescine (Tabor and Tabor 1984). Moreover, in tissues where nitric oxide is produced, the guanidino group in arginine is oxidized in the presence of NADPH by the nitric oxide synthase (Palmer, Ferrige, and Moncada 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

L‐Arginine Uptake and L‐Phosphoarginine Synthesis In Trypanosoma Cruzi

Pereira

Alonso

Paveto

et al. 1999

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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A very specific L-arginine transporter showing high affinity has been characterized in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Uptake was found to be dependent on L-arginine concentration and it was saturable. Values for maximum velocity and Km ranged between 48.1-57.5 pmol.min-1 per 3 x 10(7) cells and between 4.2-5.5 microM, respectively. The calculated activation energy and Q10 were 31.1 KJ.mol-1, and 1.7, respectively. Uptake velocity significantly increased when cells were preincubated in the absence of L-arginine. Cells retained the labeled amino acid independently of the presence or absence of exogenous L-arginine. The specificity of L-arginine uptake was demonstrated by competition assays in the presence of 80-fold molar excess of natural amino acids and several L-arginine derivatives. The highest levels of inhibition were caused by L-homoarginine, D-arginine, L-canavanine, L-ornithine, and L-citrulline. L-arginine uptake by T. cruzi epimastigotes was not affected by the presence of potassium or sodium ions in the incubation mixture or by pH changes in the range between 5.5-8.5. The major product of L-arginine uptake was characterized as phosphoarginine. Moreover, arginine kinase activity was detected in soluble extracts from T. cruzi epimastigotes.

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“…Proline is a fundamental structural element of collagen. Animals such as the earthworm, starfish and mussel evolving to use increased amounts of collagen synthesise proline from the ornithine moiety of arginine (Hird et al, 1986;Hird et al, 1983). Arginine is the sole substrate of NOS (Wu and Morris, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benzer¹,

Özçelik²,

Yıldırım³

2016

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The effects of dietary antioxidants (vitamine E, vitamine C, Astaxhantin, β carotene) on arginase activity and nitric oxide levels of hepatopancreas and muscle of freshwater crayfish (Actacus leptodactylus) were investigated during moulting.150 mg kg -1 vitamine E (VE), 200 mg kg -1 vitamine C (VC), 200 mg kg -1 Astaxhantin and 200 mg kg -1 β carotene were added to experimental diets. A. leptodactylus with these diets were fed with 2% of their total weight daily, in a day during 75 days. Arginase activity was increased in muscle of crayfish fed the diets VC, VE, astaxanthin and β karoten but in hepatopancreas arginase activity was increased with β carotene when compared to control. NO levels in muscle were decreased when compared to control but this decrease was not statically significant. NO levels in hepatopancreas of crayfish fed the diets VC and astaxanthin were higher than control groups. Our results demonstrated that dietary antioxidants affect the arginase activity and nitric oxide level of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus, Esch. 1823) during moulting. A. leptodactylus 75 gün boyunca bu diyetler ile toplam ağırlığının 2% oranında beslendi. Kontrol ile kıyaslandığında Arjinaz aktivitesi kerevit kasında VC, VE, astaxanthin ve β karoten ile artmıştır ancak hepatopankreasda arjinaz aktivitesi β karotene ile artmıştır. Kas NO seviyeleri kontrolle kıyaslandığında azalmıştır ama bu azalış istatistiksel olarak önemli değildir. VC ve astaxanthin ile beslenen kerevit hepatopankreasından NO düzeyleri kontrol gruplarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuçlarımız diyetsel antioksidanların kerevitlerin kabuk değiştirme döneminde arjinaz aktiviteleri ve NO düzeylerini değiştirdiğini kanıtlamıştır.

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On the possible significance of the transamidination reaction in evolution

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Amino Acid Metabolic Routes in Trypanosoma cruzi: Possible Therapeutic Targets Against Chagas; Disease

Amino Acid Metabolic Routes in Trypanosoma cruzi: Possible Therapeutic Targets Against Chagas; Disease

L‐Arginine Uptake and L‐Phosphoarginine Synthesis In Trypanosoma Cruzi

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