Born in Ireland in 1947, contributing to Marxian debates on state theory from the 1970s, and part of the open Marxist current of the 1990s, John Holloway has been based in Mexico since the early 1990s and is currently teaching at the Autonomous University of Puebla. Profoundly influenced by the Zapatistas, Holloway's (2002) Change the World Without Taking Power was, along with Hardt and Negri's (2000) Empire, one of the major theoretical expressions of the alternative globalization movement -both works deeply informed by Italian autonomism.In Hope in Hopeless Times, the final book in his trilogy, Holloway ably summarizes Change the World and its follow-up, Crack Capitalism (Holloway, 2010):The argument of Change the World is that it is necessary to overcome the 'state illusion', the idea that anti-capitalist change can be brought about by the state. The state-centred approach of the twentieth century's revolutions contributed to the tragic outcomes of those movements. We need to think not of taking power-over others but of constructing our power-to create a different world. Crack Capitalism suggested that the only way to think of revolution is as the recognition, creation, expansion, multiplication and confluence of cracks, of moments or spaces in which we break with the logic of capitalist development and develop our power-to do things differently. The argument centred on the clash between two different doings: the doing that is subject to the logic of capital, what Marx calls abstract or alienated labour and a doing that pushes towards self-determination (Holloway, 2022: 19).Hope in Hopeless Times continues the argumentative threads of the first two books -the complete rejection of the state as a means of emancipation, the emphasis on de-fetishization and anti-identity, the championing of the creation, multiplication and linking of autonomous spaces, the priority given to negation. In the most recent volume, though, Holloway pivots from the earlier language of power-to and power-over, in favour of an emphasis on richness, on the one side, and money, on the other and he foregrounds hope, in response to the hopelessness-inducing transformations since the publication of the previous two volumes -the long-running fallout from the GFC, the deepening of