On the Physical Chemistry of Emulsions and Its Bearing Upon Physiological and Pathological Problems

A Theory of Geotropism: With Some Experiments on the Chemical Reversal of Geotropic Response in Stem and Root.

“…It was considered to be kinetic and dynamic. 4. The semi-permeable membrane was assumed to be polarised.…”

“…The differences are those between a spongy structure which would not be affected by gravity and an emulsion which creams under the influence of gravity and centrifugal force The latter is the structure observed by Price (16). 4. The semi-permeable membrane was assumed to be polarised.…”

Soaps and Proteins: Their Colloid Chemistry in Theory and Practice.

“…When soluble, the resulting soap " solutions " were generally regarded as obeying the laws characteristic of the ordinary solutions. In 1888 FRANZ HOFMEISTER 1 chose the soaps in general and sodium oleate in particular as materials of " colloid " nature and as fit substances upon which to test out the dehydrating effects of various salts. The notion that soaps were " normal electrolytes," that solutions of soap follow the laws of osmotic pressure and in other ways comported themselves as true solutions continued, however, into the nineties, when F. KRAFFT 2 and his co-workers pointed out that the more concentrated solutions of soap did not show the calculated depressions of the freezing point or elevations of the boiling point of true solutions.…”

“…We wish now to emphasize the fact that a third element in the matter is (c) the concentration of the water. This item, which will be considered in greater detail later because THE COLLOID-CHEMISTRY OF SOAPS of its importance for the general theory of the colloid state, 1 is illustrated for a number of the sodium and potassium soaps of the fatty acids of the acetic series in Fig. 13.…”

“…2. Experiments with Monatomic Alcohols a. Monatomic Alcohols of the General Composition CnHzn+iOH. 1. A first set of experiments consisted in the determination of the gelation capacities of various sodium soaps of the fatty acids of the acetic series in the presence of absolute ethyl alcohol.…”