On the origin of tropospheric ozone and NO<sub>x</sub> over the tropical South Pacific

Schultz, Martin; Jacob, Daniel J.; Wang, Yuhang; Logan, Jennifer A.; Atlas, Elliot L.; Blake, D. R.; Blake, N. J.; Bradshaw, J. D.; Browell, Edward V.; Fenn, M. A.; Flocke, Frank; Gregory, G. L.; Heikes, Brian G.; Sachse, G. W.; Sandholm, S. T.; Shetter, R. E.; Singh, H. B.; Talbot, R. W.

doi:10.1029/98jd02309

Cited by 146 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…These high concentrations can probably be explained by long-range transport of PAN-enriched air from lower latitudes or higher altitudes. Several airborne and ship-based "eld experiments have demonstrated that PAN mixing ratios are normally below 10 pptv in the MBL of the Southern Hemisphere (Singh et al, 1986(Singh et al, , 1998Rudolph et al, 1987;MuK ller and Rudolph, 1992;Schultz et al, 1999). In contrast, recent investigations onboard RV Polarstern showed that over the South Atlantic mean PAN concentrations of 60 pptv north of 493S can occur .…”

Section: Methods and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The role of PAN acting as a precursor of NO V has been investigated for the remote troposphere over the tropical South Atlantic and South Paci"c Jacob et al, 1996;Schultz et al, 1999). Although PAN mixing ratios were less than 5 pptv in the marine boundary layers, PAN decomposition accounted for NO V production rates of a few pptv h\ which was mainly due to the much higher temperatures in tropical latitudes.…”

Section: Pan Lifetimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite lower PAN concentration at lower altitudes in remote marine areas, its decomposition has been found to be su$cient to maintain observed NO V ( "NO#NO ) mixing ratios (e.g. Heikes et al, 1996;Jacob et al, 1996;Schultz et al, 1999), thus demonstrating that PAN can act as a transport agent for NO V from its continental sources to remote tropospheric regions. As a result, PAN in#uences the NO V balance, which in turn critically controls photochemical production and destruction of ozone in many regions of the troposphere (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in the Antarctic troposphere measured during the photochemical experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99)

Jacobi

Weller

Jones

et al. 2000

Atmospheric Environment

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Because investigations of PAN at higher southern latitudes are very scarce, we measured surface PAN concentrations for the "rst time in Antarctica. During the Photochemical Experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99) campaign mean surface PAN mixing ratios of 13$7 pptv and maximum values of 48 pptv were found. When these PAN mixing ratios were compared to the sum of NO V and inorganic nitrate they were found to be equal or higher. Low ambient air temperatures and low PAN concentrations caused a slow homogeneous PAN decomposition rate of approximately 5;10\ pptv h\ . These slow decay rates were not su$cient to "rmly establish the simultaneously observed NO V concentrations. In addition, low concentration ratios of [HNO ]/[NO V ] imply that the photochemical production of NO V within the snow pack can in#uence surface NO V mixing ratios in Antarctica. Alternate measurements of PAN mixing ratios at two di!erent heights above the snow surface were performed to derive #uxes between the lower troposphere and the underlying snow pack using calculated friction velocities. Most of the concentration di!erences were below the precision of the measurements. Therefore, only an upper limit for the PAN #ux of $1;10 molecules m\ s\ without a predominant direction can be estimated. However, PAN #uxes below this limit can still in#uence both the transfer of nitrogen compounds between atmosphere and ice, and the PAN budget in higher southern latitudes.

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Section: Methods and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Pan Lifetimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in the Antarctic troposphere measured during the photochemical experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99)

Jacobi

Weller

Jones

et al. 2000

Atmospheric Environment

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“…This is shown by the results of aircraft measurements (Schultz et al, 1999) and by the GOME measurements themselves ).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> columns: a comparison between model and retrieved data from GOME measurements

Lauer¹,

Dameris²,

Richter

et al. 2002

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Tropospheric NO 2 plays a variety of significant roles in atmospheric chemistry. In the troposphere it is one of the most significant precursors of photochemical ozone (O 3 ) production and nitric acid (HNO 3 ). In this study tropospheric NO 2 columns were calculated by the fully coupled chemistry-climate model ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM. These have been compared with tropospheric NO 2 columns, retrieved using the tropospheric excess method from measurements by the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) of up-welling earthshine radiance and the extraterrestrial irradiance. GOME is part of the core payload of the second European Research Satellite (ERS-2). For this study the first five years of GOME measurements have been used. The period of five years of observational data is sufficiently long to facilitate for the first time a comparison based on climatological averages with global coverage, focussing on the geographical distribution of the tropospheric NO 2 .A new approach of analysing regional differences (i.e. on continental scales) by calculating individual averages for different environments provides more detailed information about specific NO x sources and of their seasonal variations. The results obtained enable the validity of the model NO 2 source distribution and the assumptions used to separate tropospheric and stratospheric parts of the NO 2 column amount from the satellite measurements to be investigated.

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“…The mixing ratio of HNO3 is, however, kept <20 pptv due to its deposition to the ocean and uptake onto salt aerosol in the boundary layer [Talbot et al, 1999b]. Below 4 km altitude the NOx responsible for 03 production is largely explained by the decomposition of PAN [Schultz et al, 1999].…”

Section: Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen over the South Pacific in austral springtime

et al. 2000

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On the origin of tropospheric ozone and NO_x over the tropical South Pacific

Cited by 146 publications

References 61 publications

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in the Antarctic troposphere measured during the photochemical experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99)

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in the Antarctic troposphere measured during the photochemical experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99)

Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> columns: a comparison between model and retrieved data from GOME measurements

Tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen over the South Pacific in austral springtime

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On the origin of tropospheric ozone and NOx over the tropical South Pacific

Cited by 146 publications

References 61 publications

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in the Antarctic troposphere measured during the photochemical experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99)

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in the Antarctic troposphere measured during the photochemical experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99)

Tropospheric NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; columns: a comparison between model and retrieved data from GOME measurements

Tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen over the South Pacific in austral springtime

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On the origin of tropospheric ozone and NO_x over the tropical South Pacific

Tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> columns: a comparison between model and retrieved data from GOME measurements