Tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen over the South Pacific in austral springtime

Talbot, R. W.; Dibb, Jack E.; Scheuer, Eric; Bradshaw, J. D.; Sandholm, S. T.; Singh, H. B.; Blake, D. R.; Blake, N. J.; Atlas, Elliot L.; Flocke, Frank

doi:10.1029/1999jd901114

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Correlations between species emitted from biomass burning in the air observed over Australia have been used for further investigation of the sources of O 3 and NO y . The median CH 3 Cl levels were 565–595 pptv (Table 2), which are similar to those observed in the combustion plumes during PEM‐T‐A [ Talbot et al , 2000]. Low levels of C 2 Cl 4 (1.1 pptv) and its poor correlation with CO exclude significant effects from industrial activities.…”

Section: Southern Hemispheric Airsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O₃, CO, and NO_y over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999

Kondo¹,

Koike²,

Kita³

et al. 2002

J.‐Geophys.‐Res.

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[1] In situ aircraft measurements of O 3 , CO, total reactive nitrogen (NO y ), NO, and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were made over the western Pacific Ocean and Australia during the Biomass Burning and Lightning Experiment (BIBLE) A and B conducted in August-October 1998 and 1999. Generally, similar features were seen in the BIBLE A and B data in the latitudinal variations of these species in the troposphere from 35°N to 28°S at longitudes of 120°-150°E. The focus of this paper is to describe the characteristics of air masses sampled at 15°N-10°S (tropical Pacific) and 10°S-28°S (over Australia). With the exception of occasional enhancements in reactive nitrogen seen over New Guinea associated with lightning activities, the tropical Pacific region is distinguished from the rest of the region by smaller concentrations of these trace species. This can be explained in terms of the absence of surface sources over the ocean, lack of stratospheric intrusion, and the preclusion of midlatitude air and air from the west due to active convection throughout the troposphere. The median O 3 , CO, NO y , and NO mixing ratios in tropical air above 4 km were about 15-20 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), 60-75 ppbv, 20-100 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), and 5-40 pptv, respectively. Data obtained from PEM-West A and B conducted in 1991 and 1994 showed similar latitudinal features, although the PEMWest A values were somewhat elevated due to dominating westerly winds in the lower troposphere associated with El Niño. Over Australia, the levels of O 3 , CO, NO y , NO, and NMHCs were elevated throughout the troposphere over those observed in the tropical Pacific both in 1998 and 1999. The effect from biomass burning that occurred in northern Australia was limited to within the boundary layer because of strong subsidence in the period. Analyses based on 14-day back trajectories identified free tropospheric air over Australia that originated from Indonesia, the Indian Ocean, Africa, and southern midlatitudes. The levels of O 3 , CO, NO y , and NMHCs in these air masses were much higher than those from the tropical Pacific due to their stronger sources from biomass burning and lightning. These values are compared with those obtained in the South Pacific during PEMTropics A. Effects of biomass burning and lightning are discussed as possible sources of O 3 and its precursors in these air masses.

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Section: Southern Hemispheric Airsupporting

confidence: 74%

Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O₃, CO, and NO_y over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999

Kondo¹,

Koike²,

Kita³

et al. 2002

J.‐Geophys.‐Res.

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“…In continental regions, the monofunctional alkyl nitrates typically comprise less than 10% of NO y because of the close proximity to primary NO x emissions (e.g., Shepson et al, 1993;Flocke et al, 1998;Thornberry et al, 2001;Simpson et al, 2006). In contrast, they may constitute a much larger proportion of NO y in remote regions, such as the equatorial marine boundary layer (20-80%) (Talbot et al, 2000;Blake et al, 2003a) or the Arctic (∼10-20%) (Muthuramu et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability, sources, and sinks of C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>5</sub> alkyl nitrates in coastal New England

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Seven C 1 -C 5 alkyl nitrates were measured both on the mainland and off the coast of New Hampshire using gas chromatographic techniques. Five separate data sets are presented to characterize the seasonal and diurnal trends and the major sources and loss processes of these compounds. Based on in situ measurements conducted at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) Atmospheric Ob- Comparison with wind speed and trace gas trends suggested that dry deposition contributed to the early morning MeONO 2 minimum which is a previously unaccounted for removal mechanism. The mean dry deposition rate and velocity of MeONO 2 was estimated to be −0.5 nmol m −2 hr −1 and 0.13 cm s −1 , respectively. Results from ambient air and surface seawater measurements made onboard the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown in the Gulf of Maine during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study and from ambient canister samples collected throughout the Great Bay estuary in August 2003 are also presented. Comparisons between the alkyl nitrate trends with anthropogenic and marine tracers suggest that a marine source of alkyl nitrates is not significant in coastal New England. Given the apparent prominence of a secondary source, comparisons beCorrespondence to: R. S. Russo (rrusso@gust.sr.unh.edu) tween observed and predicted alkyl nitrate/parent hydrocarbon ratios were made which demonstrated that background mixing ratios have a continuous and prevalent influence on the alkyl nitrate distribution.

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“…The formation and distribution of ozone in the troposphere is affected by the distribution and speciation of reactive odd nitrogen (NOy) in the troposphere (Ridley and Atlas, 1999). Atmospheric alkyl nitrates can account for up to 80% of NOy in the marine boundary layer (Jones et al, 1999;Talbot et al, 2000). These compounds undergo photolysis and reaction with OH to generate NOx, leading to the production of tropospheric ozone (Clemitshaw et al, 1997;Talukdar et al, 1997a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkyl nitrate photochemical production rates in North Pacific seawater

Dahl

Saltzman

2008

Marine Chemistry

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Low molecular weight alkyl nitrates are produced in surface seawater from the photochemically initiated reaction of NO with organic peroxy radicals. In this study, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and n-propyl nitrate photochemical production rates were determined from shipboard incubation experiments. Surface water samples from a variety of different North Pacific water masses were irradiated in sunlight, with and without added nitrite. Production was observed in some, but not all unmodified waters. Production rates increased with increasing addition of nitrite. The relative rates of production of C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 alkyl nitrates were roughly constant in all production experiments, and similar to the concentration ratios in ambient waters. This constancy most likely reflects consistency in the ratios of the various organic peroxy radicals involved in the reaction ROO + NO. Alkyl nitrate production rates at 1 μM nitrite concentrations generally did not vary markedly by water type, indicating that distribution of nitrite, not organic matter may control photochemical alkyl nitrate formation in the oceans. At higher nitrite levels, differences in production rates may reflect variations in the concentration or reactivity of dissolved organics.

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Tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen over the South Pacific in austral springtime

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O₃, CO, and NO_y over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999

Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O₃, CO, and NO_y over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999

Temporal variability, sources, and sinks of C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>5</sub> alkyl nitrates in coastal New England

Alkyl nitrate photochemical production rates in North Pacific seawater

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Tropospheric reactive odd nitrogen over the South Pacific in austral springtime

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O3, CO, and NOy over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999

Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O3, CO, and NOy over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999

Temporal variability, sources, and sinks of C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; alkyl nitrates in coastal New England

Alkyl nitrate photochemical production rates in North Pacific seawater

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Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O₃, CO, and NO_y over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999

Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O₃, CO, and NO_y over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August–October 1998 and 1999

Temporal variability, sources, and sinks of C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>5</sub> alkyl nitrates in coastal New England