On the Origin and Fate of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Cell Compartments

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as important signaling compoundsof major importance in a number of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Theexistence of cellular compartments enables efficient redox compartmentalization and ensuresproper functioning of ROS‐dependent signaling pathways. Similar to other organisms, theproduction of individual ROS in plant cells is highly localized and regulated bycompartment‐specific enzyme pathways on transcriptional and post‐translational level. ROSmetabolism and signaling in specific compartments are greatly affected by their chemicalinteractions with other reactive radical species, ROS scavengers and antioxidant enzymes. Adysregulation of the redox status, as a consequence of induced ROS generation or decreasedcapacity of their removal, occurs in plants exposed to diverse stress conditions. During stresscondition, strong induction of ROS‐generating systems or attenuated ROS scavenging can lead tooxidative or nitrosative stress conditions, associated with potential damaging modifications of cellbiomolecules. Here, we present an overview of compartment‐specific pathways of ROS productionand degradation and mechanisms of ROS homeostasis control within plant cell compartments.

H2O2 as a Feedback Signal on Dual-Located WHIRLY1 Associates with Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis

“…Although we showed that WHY1 was able to bind to the promoter of peroxidase gene PRX39 and repress its expression, and inhibited another peroxidase gene (PRX33) via repressing its activator gene WRKY53 ( Figure 5), whether both peroxidases were involved in WHY1-mediated process was yet questionable. Given the fact that the intracellular levels of H 2 O 2 were tightly controlled by a comprehensive inventory of both H 2 O 2 -generating systems and antioxidant proteins [56], it was reasonable that PRX33 and PRX39 were not the only players for cellular H 2 O 2 homeostasis [49,57]. In addition, other pathways might also contribute to the regulatory network during senescence, either acting independently or jointly with the WHY1 axis.…”

How Plants Sense and Respond to Stressful Environments

“…ROS signals are mainly produced at the cell wall and plasma membrane in response to stress conditions, and in chloroplasts due to damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. The proteins responsible for the largest production of ROS at the cell wall and plasma membrane are respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), peroxidases, and to a lesser extent oxalate oxidases (Jank u et al, 2019). Recent reports have shown that ROS accumulation and calcium production each enhance induction of the other during abiotic stress conditions.…”

Photosynthetic Adaptations and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Halophytes from Warm Subtropical Region

“…), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radical ( • OH) (Apel and Hirt 2004;Asada 2006;Demidchik 2015;Janků et al 2019). Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) is the energetically excited form of molecular oxygen (O 2 ), formed through energy transfer from excited chlorophyll molecules to O 2 in the photosystem II reaction center and the light-harvesting antenna complex of the grana core (Mittler 2002;Demidchik 2015;Kim and Dogra 2020).…”