On the onset of Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism and environmental and carbon-cycle change at the Triassic–Jurassic transition (Neuquén Basin, Argentina)

Ruhl, Micha; Hesselbo, Stephen P.; Suwaidi, Aisha Al; Jenkyns, Hugh C.; Damborenea, Susana E.; Manceñido, Miguel O.; Storm, Marisa; Mather, Tamsin A.; Riccardi, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103229

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…An increase in freshwater algae in the Stenlille record also seems to indicate enhanced runoff (Lindström et al, 2012), but because negative CIEs at the Spelae level are also present outside the European epicontinental sea, e.g. in Argentina (Ruhl et al, 2020), further studies are needed to resolve this issue. Regardless of which, the Spelae CIE did not instigate the MR2 mass rarity in land plants.…”

Section: The Effects Of Rapid Sea-level Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-phased Mass Rarity and Extinction in Land Plants During the End-Triassic Climate Crisis

Lindström

2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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Greenhouse gas emissions from large-scale volcanism in the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province is considered to have caused the end-Triassic mass extinction (201.5 million years ago), but the impact on land plants has been debated. Here, abundance changes in spores and pollen record the devastating effects this volcanic induced climate crisis had on coastal and near-coastal lowland mire vegetation around the European epicontinental sea and the European Tethys margin. Combined stress from rising air temperatures and changing climate at the onset of the crisis was exacerbated by a rapidly rising sea-level resulting in fragmentation and destruction of coastal and near-coastal lowland mire habitats, causing mass rarity and extinctions primarily in gymnosperm trees and shrubs adapted to these environments. The devastation of these habitats was further amplified by a subsequent sea-level fall leaving pioneering opportunists and herbaceous survivors to colonize disturbed areas in an environment stressed by increased wildfire activity and enhanced soil erosion. The pioneering flora was severely decimated in a second mass rarity phase and ultimately extirpated. The second mass rarity phase occurred just prior to and at the onset of a prominent negative excursion in δ13Corg. A subsequent sea-level rise appears to have restored some of the near-coastal mire habitats allowing some of the plants to recover. The supraregional mass rarity during the end-Triassic crisis affected both previously dominant as well as rare plants and this resonates with ongoing and future climate change and attests to the vulnerability of coastal and lowland vegetation, especially rare plant species, to climatic and environmental disturbances, where rising sea-level threatens entire ecosystems.

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Section: The Effects Of Rapid Sea-level Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-phased Mass Rarity and Extinction in Land Plants During the End-Triassic Climate Crisis

Lindström

2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…CAMP volcanism, which triggered numerous environmental perturbations associated with the T–J boundary mass extinction, is regarded as the ultimate cause of this biocrisis 2 – 6 . It is inferred to have emitted large quantities of isotopically light carbon as carbon dioxide and/or methane to the atmosphere, thus leading to negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) in both inorganic and organic reservoirs at a global scale 4 , 6 – 9 . Increased CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere 10 , 11 contributed to climatic warming, oceanic anoxia 12 , seawater acidification 13 , 14 , and intensified chemical weathering on land during the Early Jurassic 15 – 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensified continental chemical weathering and carbon-cycle perturbations linked to volcanism during the Triassic–Jurassic transition

et al. 2022

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Direct evidence of intense chemical weathering induced by volcanism is rare in sedimentary successions. Here, we undertake a multiproxy analysis (including organic carbon isotopes, mercury (Hg) concentrations and isotopes, chemical index of alteration (CIA), and clay minerals) of two well-dated Triassic–Jurassic (T–J) boundary sections representing high- and low/middle-paleolatitude sites. Both sections show increasing CIA in association with Hg peaks near the T–J boundary. We interpret these results as reflecting volcanism-induced intensification of continental chemical weathering, which is also supported by negative mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of odd Hg isotopes. The interval of enhanced chemical weathering persisted for ~2 million years, which is consistent with carbon-cycle model results of the time needed to drawdown excess atmospheric CO2 following a carbon release event. Lastly, these data also demonstrate that high-latitude continental settings are more sensitive than low/middle-latitude sites to shifts in weathering intensity during climatic warming events.

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“…Around 200 Ma ago, the Salt Range (Figure 1) was located on the NW margin of the Indian Plate, close to the Arabian and Greater Somalian plates, in the tropical-near tropical region of the southern hemisphere in the Tethyan realm at ∼20 • -25 • S latitude [34,54,55]. The TJB interval witnessed a transition from hot and arid to hot and humid greenhouse palaeoclimate [56][57][58]. During this interval, a fluvio-deltaic system developed in the areas, nowadays the Salt Range-Kohat-Potwar Plateau, and deposited the siliciclastics of Kingriali and Datta formations on an area of ca.…”

Section: Geological Setting and Palaeogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extreme wet greenhouse conditions interpreted for the Jurassic strata [15,57,58] could have easily removed unstable components, thereby forcing highly mature quartz arenites with very high ZTR-index and hiding evidence for sediment incorporation from the basement or other diverse sources. However, Cambrian and older strata are widely distributed throughout the Salt and Trans-Indus ranges (Figure 17a) and reported in the subsurface in the Kohat-Potwar Plateau and Punjab platform [40], thereby indicating that the fluvial system was unable to cut into the Cambrian and older strata and the basement rocks were not exposed to reworking.…”

Section: Possible Sediment Suppliersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Proxy Provenance Analyses of the Kingriali and Datta Formations (Triassic–Jurassic Transition): Evidence for Westward Extension of the Neo-Tethys Passive Margin from the Salt Range (Pakistan)

et al. 2021

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The Salt Range, in Pakistan, preserves an insightful sedimentary record of passive margin dynamics along the NW margin of the Indian Plate during the Mesozoic. This study develops provenance analyses of the Upper Triassic (Kingriali Formation) to Lower Jurassic (Datta Formation) siliciclastics from the Salt and Trans Indus ranges based on outcrop analysis, petrography, bulk sediment elemental geochemistry, and heavy-mineral data. The sandstones are texturally and compositionally mature quartz arenites and the conglomerates are quartz rich oligomictic conglomerates. Geochemical proxies support sediment derivation from acidic sources and deposition under a passive margin setting. The transparent heavy mineral suite consists of zircon, tourmaline, and rutile (ZTR) with minor staurolite in the Triassic strata that diminishes in the Jurassic strata. Together, these data indicate that the sediments were supplied by erosion of the older siliciclastics of the eastern Salt Range and adjoining areas of the Indian Plate. The proportion of recycled component exceeds the previous literature estimates for direct sediment derivation from the Indian Shield. A possible increase in detritus supply from the Salt Range itself indicates notably different conditions of sediment generation, during the Triassic–Jurassic transition. The present results suggest that, during the Triassic–Jurassic transition in the Salt Range, direct sediment supply from the Indian Shield was probably reduced and the Triassic and older siliciclastics were exhumed on an elevated passive margin and reworked by a locally established fluvio-deltaic system. The sediment transport had a north-northwestward trend parallel to the northwestern Tethyan margin of the Indian Plate and normal to its opening axis. During the Late Triassic, hot and arid hot-house palaeoclimate prevailed in the area that gave way to a hot and humid greenhouse palaeoclimate across the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary. Sedimentological similarity between the Salt Range succession and the Neo-Tethyan succession exposed to the east on the northern Indian passive Neo-Tethyan margin suggests a possible westward extension of this margin.

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On the onset of Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism and environmental and carbon-cycle change at the Triassic–Jurassic transition (Neuquén Basin, Argentina)

Cited by 51 publications

References 125 publications

Two-phased Mass Rarity and Extinction in Land Plants During the End-Triassic Climate Crisis

Two-phased Mass Rarity and Extinction in Land Plants During the End-Triassic Climate Crisis

Intensified continental chemical weathering and carbon-cycle perturbations linked to volcanism during the Triassic–Jurassic transition

Multi-Proxy Provenance Analyses of the Kingriali and Datta Formations (Triassic–Jurassic Transition): Evidence for Westward Extension of the Neo-Tethys Passive Margin from the Salt Range (Pakistan)

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