On the multifunctionality of butterfly scales: a scaling law for the ridges of cover scales

Köchling, Peter; Niebel, A.; Hurka, Kordula; Vorholt, Frederik; Hölscher, Hendrik

doi:10.1039/d0fd00038h

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the independent contribution of ridge heights to the overall color of butterfly wing scales should be carefully integrated into future studies. Our findings support the idea that the diversity and complexity of the color‐producing structures in butterfly wings—and by extension, the cuticles of other arthropods—cannot be solely explained as an efficient strategy for producing different colors, [ 2 ] as this feat can be achieved by simpler and more efficient design variations. At the same time, other functionalities of the cuticle, such as further optical properties (iridescence, angle independency, light polarization, etc.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Butterfly scales are a multipurpose convolution of features resulting from constraints and needs that may or may not be related to the many factors involved in the generation of color. [ 2 ] Therefore, identifying the particular contributions of each feature of the scales to determine their functionality is central to understanding the physiological and evolutionary aspects of butterflies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Height of Chitinous Ridges Alone Produces the Entire Structural Color Palette

Raut

Ruan

Finet

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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The colorful wings of butterflies result from the interaction between light and the intricate chitinous nanostructures on butterflies’ scales. This study demonstrates that just by reproducing the chitinous ridges present in butterfly scales (i.e., without any other secondary structure), the entire color palette is achieved. This result is achieved using a new methodology based on the controlled reproduction of parts of the biological structure of complex chitinous systems using their native chemistry, enabling the isolation of different features’ contributions. Here the contribution of the ridges and their variations as producing and modulating color hue is isolated. The results suggest that complicated butterfly scales may be non‐ideal solutions for producing color when multifunctionality is not considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Height of Chitinous Ridges Alone Produces the Entire Structural Color Palette

Raut

Ruan

Finet

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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“…The dazzling iridescent hues, characterized by their remarkable reflectivity, in the Morpho butterfly's wings originate from a complex nanostructure. This nanostructure emerges through the intricate interplay of multilayer interference, the harmonious arrangement of multiscale wing components, the presence of periodic geometric shapes and particle's density changes, and a diverse array of sizes and shapes-ranging from lattice frames to hexagonal tiles and lamella-all facilitated by dynamic movement patterns [46,47]. According to Louvers' features and functions, the correspondent criteria can be abstracted from the aforementioned biomimetic principles as morphology and mechanism.…”

Section: Architectural Design Concept and Mechanism Through Biomimeti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Visual Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Office Lighting Using Parametric-Generative Design Approach for Interactive Kinetic Louvers

Hosseini,

Heiranipour,

Wang

et al. 2024

Journal of Daylighting

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The number of desk workers who frequently conduct their jobs at home has increased dramatically during Covid-19. Work-from-home flexibility makes it attractive for workers and companies, resulting in a “Work-Style Reform” after the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the quick conversion of home spaces into workplaces cannot always sufficiently respond to users’ visual comfort and daylight performance needs which are primary contributors to occupant well-being and productivity. Therefore, this study adopts a mixed-methodology method that integrates parametric thinking, biomimetic, conceptual design, kinetic strategy and the DIVA approach to develop a real-time parametric-generative circular design for multi-objective adaptability that optimizes visual comfort and electric lighting energy efficiency for multiple occupants simultaneously. Parametric simulations of 1458 different options (five different runs per case: a total of 7290) were conducted to assess how the louvers perform regarding daylight, glare, and electric energy usage. Implementing an interactive kinetic louver greatly improved daylight performance in all orientations while simultaneously avoiding visual discomfort for multiple occupants. Furthermore, the use of this façade modification resulted in a substantial decrease in electrical lighting energy consumption, reducing the values from 14.22 to 0.2 kWh/m2/year, 8.1 to 0.18 kWh/m2/year, and 12.88 to 0.18 kWh/m2/year for South, East, and West orientations, respectively. Integrating users' lighting level preferences and the dynamic transitory sensitive area on the façade considerably reduces electric lighting consumption by around 99% compared to the ASHRAE 90.1 standard's lighting profile.

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“…Meanwhile, thickness is not the only variable character scales possess. Universal parameters of the grid‐like units on the surface, like the widths and distances of ridges and crossribs, are various when comparing previous reports of butterfly wing scales (Yoshida & Emoto, 2010; Dhungel & Otaki, 2014; Davis et al ., 2020; Kochling et al ., 2020). These variations might lead to a change in cooling efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal cooling patterns of the butterfly wing scales hierarchy deduced from the heterogeneous thermal and structural properties of Tirumala limniace (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae)

Tang

Cao

et al. 2022

Insect Science

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The radiative cooling of butterfly wing scales hierarchy has great value in understanding how poikilotherms adapt to the environment and developing bionic materials. However, it remains unclear what the cooling system is like and how the variation of hierarchy affects the cooling efficiency. Therefore, the correlation between the variations of the structure and emissivity of scale hierarchy is thoroughly investigated in Tirumala limniace (Cramer, 1775), whose thermal properties are highly heterogeneous among different wings and regions but similar between males and females. Patterns were deduced from the biological and model simulation experiments. The scale hierarchy varies at the micro-to nanolevel on both surface and section, corresponding to the variating emissivity. Scales on wing veins and margins have large nanostructured units with small lumens and are distinctly thickened, which bring extraordinarily high emissivity. The variations of light and dark scales, respectively, lead to the high emissivity of the middle region of wings and the front wings. Generally, the elevation of the inner surface area and the thickness of the chitin is the key to enhancing the cooling efficiency. For the first time, the effects of the variation of hierarchy toward emissivity of the mid-infrared spectrum are systematically clarified. It is demonstrated that wing scales integrally differentiate in coping with the heterogeneous cooling needs, which may benefit in balancing multifunctions and the development toward the adaptation to the abiotic environment. The study provides insights into the comprehensive thermoregulation system of butterflies and the further development of radiative cooling materials.

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On the multifunctionality of butterfly scales: a scaling law for the ridges of cover scales

Abstract: Here, we present a structural analysis of the height and distance of ridges in cover scales of butterfly species from different families.

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

The Height of Chitinous Ridges Alone Produces the Entire Structural Color Palette

The Height of Chitinous Ridges Alone Produces the Entire Structural Color Palette

Enhancing Visual Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Office Lighting Using Parametric-Generative Design Approach for Interactive Kinetic Louvers

Universal cooling patterns of the butterfly wing scales hierarchy deduced from the heterogeneous thermal and structural properties of Tirumala limniace (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae)

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