On the limited amplitude resolution of multipixel Geiger-mode APDs

Stoykov, A.; Musienko, Y.; Kuznetsov, A.; Reucroft, S.; Swain, J.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/2/06/p06005

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…where N d is the number of detected photons, N ph is the number of incident photons, η is the SiPM PDE, and N M C is the total number of microcells [31]. This expression gives an approximately linear response when the number of detected photons (η × N ph ) is much less than the total number of microcells (N M C ).…”

Section: B Detector Response Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Resolution and Temperature Dependence of Ce:GAGG Coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers

Seitz

Rivera

Stewart

2016

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Scintillators are a critical component of sensor systems for the detection of ionizing radiation. Such systems have a diverse portfolio of applications from medical imaging, well logging in oil exploration and detection systems for the prevention of the illicit movement of nuclear materials. The rare earth element cerium is an ideal dopant for a variety of host scintillating materials due to the fast 5d1 → 4f radiative transition of Ce 3+ . Cerium-doped Gadolinium Aluminium Gallium Garnet (Ce:GAGG) is a relatively new single crystal scintillator with several interesting properties. These include high light yield; an emission peak well-matched to silicon sensors; and a low intrinsic energy resolution. Moreover, the material has a high density and is non-hygroscopic. In this article we review the properties of cerium-doped GAGG and report Energy Resolution (ER) measurements over the temperature range -10• C to +50• C for 3 × 3 × 30 mm 3 Ce:GAGG crystals optically coupled to a Silicon Photomultipler (SiPM) sensor with a 3mm × 3mm active area. In addition the linearity of the scintillator-SiPM response as a function of gamma energy is reported.

show abstract

Section: B Detector Response Linearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Resolution and Temperature Dependence of Ce:GAGG Coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers

Seitz

Rivera

Stewart

2016

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Initial analytical results on a distribution of a number of fired pixels and photon number resolution of SiPM was presented in [19], [20]. Detailed analysis of photon number resolution and an introduction of an excess noise factor of binomial nonlinearity of SiPM based on (2.20), (2.21) was given in [3].…”

Section: Nonlinearity With No Pixel Recovery: Binomial Distribution Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfomance of Silicon Photomultipliers in photon number and time resolution

Vinogradov¹

2016

Proceedings of International Conference on New Photo-Detectors — PoS(PhotoDet2015)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a novel generation of photon detectors designed as an array of independently operated Geiger-mode APDs (pixels) with common output. SiPM provides proportional detection of low-level light pulses starting from single photons with remarkable photon number and time resolution at room temperature. Now they are worldwide recognized to be competitive with vacuum photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and avalanche photodiodes (APDs) for scintillation and Cherenkov light detections in such areas as particle physics and nuclear medicine. Well-known specific drawbacks of SiPMs are excess noises caused by stochastic processes of crosstalk and afterpulsing as well as non-linearity and saturation of SiPM response to intense light pulses due to limited number of pixels and noninstant pixel recovery.This study presents an analysis of SiPM performance based on probability distributions of the key stochastic processes affecting SiPM response: photo-conversion, dark generation, avalanche multiplication, crosstalk and afterpulsing, non-linearity and saturation losses. SiPM performance in photon number (energy) resolution is represented in terms of specific excess noise factors of these processes identified as comparable metrics of their contributions. SiPM time resolution is shown to be defined by photon number resolution and by temporal profiles of photon arrival and photon detection time distributions, and a single electron response.Analytical results of this approach are applied to compare a performance of the modern SiPMs with each other and with conventional PMTs and APDs in typical scintillation and Cherenkov detection applications. The results also seem to be useful for SiPM characterization, selection, and application-specific optimization as well as for SiPM design improvements.

show abstract

“…A commonly used simple exponential model of the SiPM response is only valid for instantaneous light pulses and assumes zero afterpulsing and crosstalk [25]. Models that account for the recovery of SiPM microcells have also been proposed, describing the SiPM output amplitude either for a sequence of instantaneous light pulses [26] or for light pulses of finite duration with a constant photon flux [27].…”

Section: A Comprehensive Model Of the Response Of Silicon Photomultipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simple model of the effect of saturation on the response of a SiPM has been presented, e.g., by Stoykov et al [25]. This model is applicable only to instantaneous light pulses and furthermore assumes that crosstalk, afterpulsing, and dark counts are absent.…”

Section: A Lower Limit Of Sipm Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expectation value of the number of crosstalk-induced triggers was subsequently calculated as (25) where the factor accounts for the possibilities to induce discharges including crosstalk-induced crosstalk. In addition, a histogram of the time differences of the selected set of recorded pulses was created and normalized to the area of the histogram.…”

Section: A Sipm Parameter Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Comprehensive Model of the Response of Silicon Photomultipliers

Dam

Seifert

Vinke

et al. 2010

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The response of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to optical signals is inherently nonproportional due to saturation, afterpulsing, and crosstalk. Existing models of the SiPM response do not account for all of these effects, and therefore, these models are not sufficiently accurate for many applications. In this work, a comprehensive model of the SiPM response is developed that is generally applicable to exponentially decaying light pulses and that can be simplified in the case of very short (e.g., laser) light pulses. The model accounts for the total number and the temporal distribution of the incident photons as well as for the relevant SiPM parameters, viz. the recovery time, afterpulsing, crosstalk, and their cross correlations. The model is shown to correspond well with measurements on a SiPM-based scintillation detector. Furthermore, it is shown to be in agreement with several cases for which the SiPM response is known a priori. Having thus validated the model, its use is demonstrated by predicting the response of the Hamamatsu multipixel photon counter (MPPC) S10362-33-050C SiPM to several different scintillators.

show abstract

On the limited amplitude resolution of multipixel Geiger-mode APDs

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Energy Resolution and Temperature Dependence of Ce:GAGG Coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers

Energy Resolution and Temperature Dependence of Ce:GAGG Coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers

Perfomance of Silicon Photomultipliers in photon number and time resolution

A Comprehensive Model of the Response of Silicon Photomultipliers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About