A Comprehensive Model of the Response of Silicon Photomultipliers

Abstract

Abstract-The response of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) to optical signals is inherently nonproportional due to saturation, afterpulsing, and crosstalk. Existing models of the SiPM response do not account for all of these effects, and therefore, these models are not sufficiently accurate for many applications. In this work, a comprehensive model of the SiPM response is developed that is generally applicable to exponentially decaying light pulses and that can be simplified in the case of very short (e.g., laser) light pulses. The model accounts for the total number and the temporal distribution of the incident photons as well as for the relevant SiPM parameters, viz. the recovery time, afterpulsing, crosstalk, and their cross correlations. The model is shown to correspond well with measurements on a SiPM-based scintillation detector. Furthermore, it is shown to be in agreement with several cases for which the SiPM response is known a priori. Having thus validated the model, its use is demonstrated by predicting the response of the Hamamatsu multipixel photon counter (MPPC) S10362-33-050C SiPM to several different scintillators.

Energy Resolution and Temperature Dependence of Ce:GAGG Coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers

“…Hence there is a trade-off between the geometry, the dimensions and number of microcells for a given area, the PDE and the dynamic range. A more complex model of the response of an SiPM sensor that takes into account the effects of the recovery time, afterpulsing and crosstalk has also been developed [32]. Figure 4 shows the photopeak mean height as a function of gamma energy at 2, 3, 4 and 5V above the SiPM breakdown voltage.…”

SiPM response to long and intense light pulses

“…However, SiPM performance in photon number and time resolution in the case of short pulse detection is comprehensively modelled due to its high practical importance [11,12], but results have rather limited applicability to Fig. 1.…”

Silicon Photomultiplier Gain Compensation Algorithm in Multidetector Measurements

“…4 are presented on a single graph. The easiest way of determining parameters a, b and c is to minimize the weight mean square error between the measured data y i and the LevenbergMarquardt best fit function G(V i ,T i ,a,b,c) (2). N is the number of data points.…”

“…two photons fall into arrays of pixels then two avalanches are triggered and the total output signal is twice as high as in the case of one photon. A SiPM is able to detect light on the level of single photons due to high gain (10 6 ) [1,2,3]. The gain of a SiPM is strongly dependent on temperature.…”