The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay -these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions.Experiments carried out over the past half century have revealed that neutrinos are found in three states, or flavors, and can transform from one flavor into another. These results indicate that each neutrino flavor state is a mixture of three different nonzero mass states, and to date offer the most compelling evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. In a single experiment, LBNE will enable a broad exploration of the three-flavor model of neutrino physics with unprecedented detail. Chief among its potential discoveries is that of matter-antimatter asymmetries (through the mechanism of charge-parity violation) in neutrino flavor mixing -a step toward unraveling the mystery of matter generation in the early Universe. Independently, determination of the unknown neutrino mass ordering and precise measurement of neutrino mixing parameters by LBNE may reveal new fundamental symmetries of Nature.Grand Unified Theories, which attempt to describe the unification of the known forces, predict rates for proton decay that cover a range directly accessible with the next generation of large underground detectors such as LBNE's. The experiment's sensitivity to key proton decay channels will offer unique opportunities for the ground-breaking discovery of this phenomenon.Neutrinos emitted in the first few seconds of a core-collapse supernova carry with them the potential for great insight into the evolution of the Universe. LBNE's capability to collect and analyze this high-statistics neutrino signal from a supernova within our galaxy would provide a rare opportunity to peer inside a newly-formed neutron star and potentially witness the birth of a black hole.To achieve its goals, LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, highintensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a fine-grained near neutrino detector installed just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is ∼1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions.With its exceptional combi...

We present the case for a dark matter detector with directional sensitivity. This document was developed at the 2009 CYGNUS workshop on directional dark matter detection, and contains contributions from theorists and experimental groups in the field. We describe the need for a dark matter detector with directional sensitivity; each directional dark matter experiment presents their project's status; and we close with a feasibility study for scaling up to a one ton directional detector, which would cost around $150M.

We have measured the electroproduction of hadrons from nuclei and compare it to the electroproduction from deuterium. We find an attenuation of the forward component which increases with A. The attenuation is less for lower hadronic momenta, but is not a strong function of the other electroproduction variables.In virtual photoproduction of hadrons from nuclei, we have found the first evidence that there is an attenuation of the forward hadrons so produced-the attenuation increasing as the atomic number A increases. However, the average perpendicular momentum with respect to the virtualphoton direction is independent of A. The attenuation effect is similar to the attenuation of largerapidity hadrons produced in neutron-nucleus collisions/The advantages of using virtual photoproduction to study the production and secondary interactions of hadrons in nuclei are twofold. First, the nucleus is, according to present measurements/ transparent to the virtual photon; hence the complications of correcting for the absorption of the incident particle is avoided. Second, a known four-momentum is transferred to the single struck nucleon.This experiment was performed at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAG) using a 20.5-GeV/c electron beam incident on a target of liquid hydrogen, liquid deuterium, beryllium, carbon, copper, or tin. As described in more detail elsewhere,^ downstream from the target there were, in this order, an analyzing magnet, an array of multiwire proportional chambers, scintillation counters, lead-Lucite shower counters, and finally a threshold-type, variable-pressure, gas Cherenkov counter. The chamber and counter arrays had an angular acceptance at the target of about ± 200 mrad vertically and + (-•) 33 mrad to + (-) 115 mrad horizontally. The Gherenkov counter covered about one-sixth of this solid angle. The trigger required only a scattered electron with energy greater than 3 GeV, i.e., a pulse corresponding to an electron shower of energy greater than 3 GeV in the shower counter. The accompanying hadrons were detected in the proportional chambers and scintillation counters. Particle identification was made by the Gherenkov counter and by time of flight. In this analysis, the Gherenkov counter information was not used.The targets and their characteristics are listed in Table I. The trigger conditions and all acceptances were the same for all the targets. We also took runs with all targets removed; the yields that we quote have had this measured background subtracted out. The data were corrected for empty target in the case of Hg and D2 (~ 5% sub-TABLE I, Summary of the targets used by type, thickness in grams per square centimeter (Z), thickness in radiation lengths (f), number of incident electrons (n^), and product n^t compared to the same for deuterium. We also list the proton to TT"^ ratio, rp^ in the ^c.m. (proton) range (Ref. 10), -0o4 to 0.0, Element H2 D2

Coded apertures for imaging problems are typically based on arrays having perfect cross-correlation properties. These arrays, however, guarantee a perfect point-spread function in far-field applications only. When these arrays are used in the near-field, artifacts arise. We present a mathematical derivation capable of predicting the shape of such artifacts. The theory shows that methods used in the past to compensate for the effects of background nonuniformities in far-field problems are also effective in reducing near-field artifacts. The case study of a nuclear medicine problem is presented to show good agreement of simulation and experimental results with mathematical predictions.

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