“…Given the theoretical backdrop, a large number of empirical studies have been conducted till date. Majority of the empirical literature have focused on the returns of the two series ( Amano and Van Norden, 1998b , Akram, 2009 , Blomberg and Harris, 1995 , Reboredo, 2012 , Sadorsky, 2000 , Turhan et al, 2014 , Zhang et al, 2008 ), only a few have analyzed the ‘volatility spillover’ ( Ding and Vo, 2012 , Salisu and Mobolaji, 2013 , Zhang et al, 2008 ) and ‘return-volatility’ interactions ( Ahmad et al, 2020 , Jawadi et al, 2016 , Narayan et al, 2008 , Ghosh, 2011 ) across these financial markets. Zhang et al (2008) argued that since the US dollar is used as the major invoicing currency in international trade of crude oil hence there could be significant volatility spillovers within the two markets.…”