On the homology of the posteriormost gill arch in polypterids (Cladistia, Actinopterygii)

Britz, Ralf; Johnson, G. David

doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.t01-1-00067.x

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since the first specimens of Erpetoichthys calabaricus were described by Smith (1867a,b) and Traquair (1870), remarkably little work was conducted on the anatomy of the species (Supino, 1914;Holmgren, 1928;Munk, 1964;Sacca and Burggren, 1982;Greenwood, 1984;Brainerd et al, 1989;Britz and Johnson, 2003;Ward and Brainerd, in press). The present study emphasized cranial and pectoral girdle anatomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New interpretations of the skull of a primitive bony fish Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia)

Claeson

Bemis

Hagadorn

2007

Journal of Morphology

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Polypterid fishes are considered the basalmost group of extant actinopterygians and may be a direct link to understanding the systematics and evolution of the first bony fishes. Several investigations have been conducted on one member genus, Polypterus; however, since the first specimens of its sister taxon Erpetoichthys calabaricus were described, remarkably little work has been done on the species. We review terminology critical to understanding cranial morphology in polypterids and present a new description of the skull of E. calabaricus as observed through classical methods of skeletal preparation, X-radiographic microfocus computed tomography, and 3D-digital reconstruction. Differences among E. calabaricus and at least three species of Polypterus (P. bichir, P. senegalus, and P. endlicheri), besides the gross variation in size, include an overall elongation of the skull roof observable in most elements of E. calabaricus with a shortening of most associated processes. In addition, several elements present in species of Polypterus are absent in E. calabaricus. As a result, Polypterus should not be used as a proxy for the family Polypteridae to the exclusion of E. calabaricus in phylogenetic studies, which examine early actinopterygians. Each should be treated separately, to resolve inter- and intrarelationships of Polypteridae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We follow gill arch terminology of Wacker et al (2001) and Britz and Johnson (2003). Like Polypterus, Erpetoichthys calabaricus has four ceratobranchials (cb1-4).…”

Section: Gill Archesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New interpretations of the skull of a primitive bony fish Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia)

Claeson

Bemis

Hagadorn

2007

Journal of Morphology

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“…Otherwise, Polypterids retain several primitive characters that are unknown in other recent Actinopterygii, but occur variously among fossil ray-finned fishes and other Osteichthyans (Patterson 1982;Gardiner 1984;Gosse 1984;Greenwood 1984;Arratia and Cloutier 1996;Bartsch et al 1997;Lund 2000;Gayet et al 2002). Finally, these species are unusual also among Actinopterygians in possessing one fewer gill arches, rather than the usual five that characterize gnathostomes vertebrates (Britz and Johnson 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the case of gnathostomes, these problems are compound by the fact that there was a rapid radiation of vertebrates during a short time-window, in the Devonian period Zardoya et al 1998;Meyer 1996, 2001;Rasmussen and Arnason 1999a, b;Saitoh et al 2000;Venkatesh et al 1999Venkatesh et al , 2001Arnason et al 2001;Hoegg et al 2004;Kikugawa et al 2004). Assigned in the past to variously different higher level group of bony fishes, Polypteriformes are currently considered to be the most basal living Actinopterygians, the Cladistia group (Daget et al 2001;Gayet et al 2002;Britz and Johnson 2003;Britz and Bartsch 2003;Gemballa et al 2003;Gardiner et al 2004;Chiu et al 2006), the sister group of the Actinopteri (Chondrostei + Neopterygii).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyotypic characterization and genomic organization of the 5S rDNA in Polypterus senegalus (Osteichthyes, Polypteridae)

et al. 2007

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Polypteridae (Cladistia) is a family of archaic fishes, confined to African freshwaters. On account of their primitiveness in anatomical and morphological characters and mosaic relationships among lower Osteichthyans fishes, they constitute an important subject for the study of evolution in vertebrates. Very little is known about the karyological structure of these species. In this article, a cytogenetic analysis on twenty specimens of Polypterus senegalus (Cuvier, 1829) was performed using both classical and molecular techniques. Karyotype (2n=36; FN=72), chromosome location of telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)(n), (GATA)(7) repeats and ribosomal 5S and 18S rRNA genes were examined by using Ag-NOR, classical C-banding, CMA(3) staining and FISH. Staining with Ag-NOR showed the presence of two GC rich NORs on the p arm of the chromosome pair no. 1. CMA(3) marked all centromerical and some (no. 1 and no. 14) telomeric regions. FISH with 5S rDNA marked the subtelomeric region of the q arm of the chromosome pair no. 14. FISH with 18S rDNA marked the telomeric region of the p arm of the chromosome pair no. 1, previously marked by Ag-NOR. (GATA)(7) repeats marked the subtelomeric regions of all chromosome pairs, with the exclusion of the no. 1, 3 and 14. Hybridization with telomeric probes (TTAGGG)(n) showed bright signals at the end of all chromosomes. After cloning, the 5SrDNA alignment revealed an organization of sequences made up of two different classes of tandem arrays (5S type I and 5S type II) of different lengths.

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“…ganoid scales, cartilaginous skeleton, intestine with a spiral valve) and derived (e.g. highly modified dorsal fins, pectoral fins with a lobed base covered in scales, possession of only 4 gill arches) anatomical features [Patterson, 1982;Janvier, 1996;Britz and Johnson, 2003;Claeson et al, 2007;Takeuchi et al, 2009]. However, different molecular and phylogenomic approaches support that polypteriforms represent a relict of the basal actinopterygian lineage [Inoue et al, 2003;Kikugawa et al, 2004;Li et al, 2008;Suzuki et al, 2010;Takechi et al, 2011;Near et al, 2012;Faircloth et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of the Serotonergic System in the Central Nervous System of Two Basal Actinopterygian Fishes: the Cladistians Polypterus senegalus and Erpetoichthys calabaricus

López¹,

González²

2014

Brain Behav Evol

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Cladistians (Polypteriformes) are currently considered basal to other living ray-finned fishes (actinopterygians), and their brain organization is therefore critical to providing information about the primitive neural characters that existed in the earliest ray-finned fishes. The organization of the serotonergic system in the brain has been carefully analyzed in most vertebrate groups, and in the present study we provide the first detailed information on the distribution of serotonergic cell bodies and fibers in the central nervous system of representative species of the two extant genera of cladistians, i.e. Polypterus senegalus and Erpetoichthys calabaricus, by means of immunohistochemistry against serotonin (5-HT). Distinct groups of immunoreactive cells were detected in the preoptic area, the hypothalamic paraventricular organ, the pineal organ, the pretectal region, the long column of the raphe in the rhombencephalic midline, the spinal cord, and amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. Fiber labeling was widely distributed in all main brain subdivisions but was more abundant in distinct pallial and subpallial areas, the preoptic area, the thalamus, the optic tectum, the tori semicircularis and lateralis, the rhombencephalic reticular formation, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord. Our analysis makes it possible to establish which serotonergic structures characterized the earliest ray-finned fishes, and a comparison of these results with those from other classes of vertebrates, including a segmental analysis to correlate cell populations, reveals that most characteristics, such as the presence of serotonergic cells in the preoptic area and the basal hypothalamus, are preserved in all anamniotes. However, this system seems to be reduced in amniotes, mainly mammals, although important features are shared, such as the presence of serotonergic cells in the pineal organ, the retina, and the raphe nuclei.

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On the homology of the posteriormost gill arch in polypterids (Cladistia, Actinopterygii)

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

New interpretations of the skull of a primitive bony fish Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia)

New interpretations of the skull of a primitive bony fish Erpetoichthys calabaricus (Actinopterygii: Cladistia)

Karyotypic characterization and genomic organization of the 5S rDNA in Polypterus senegalus (Osteichthyes, Polypteridae)

Organization of the Serotonergic System in the Central Nervous System of Two Basal Actinopterygian Fishes: the Cladistians <b><i>Polypterus senegalus</i></b> and <b><i>Erpetoichthys calabaricus</i></b>

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