On the history of the invention of the injection laser

We give examples showing that two well-known versions of the -matrix theory, which describes a nonresonant multiphoton ionization of atoms and ions in intense laser fields, lead to qualitatively different results. The latter refer not only to total ionization rates, but also to energy distributions of photoelectrons, for instance in a polarization plane of the laser field. It should be possible to make an experiment testing predictions of both theories in the near future.S ________________ *bauer@uni.lodz.pl

Section: Hementioning

confidence: 99%

“…approach (nonzero) values, which describe the ionization in constant perpendicular electric and magnetic fields of the same magnitude (in atomic units; see, for example, Ref. [24]).…”

Section: Hementioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitatively different theoretical predictions for strong-field photoionization rates

Bauer

2011

“…At large ellipticities ξ > ∼ √ E 0 , the character of CF is essentially different. In this domain, the electron drift momentum is dominated by the vector-potential at the ionization moment, with a minor contribution from the initial transverse momentum [42]. The contribution of the high-order forward scattering in CF, as Fig.…”

Section: Coulomb Focusing At Large Ellipticitymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…where ∆ 2 ⊥ ≡ E 0 / 2I p is the width of the transverse momentum distribution [42]. In describing the dodging phenomenon [29], the photoelectron yield Y ξ (ε) along m.p.a., normalized to the yield in a linearly polarized field, has been introduced and measured, where ξ and ε indicate the ellipticity and electron energy dependence of the yield, respectively.…”

Section: Low-energy Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In describing the dodging phenomenon [29], the photoelectron yield Y ξ (ε) along m.p.a., normalized to the yield in a linearly polarized field, has been introduced and measured, where ξ and ε indicate the ellipticity and electron energy dependence of the yield, respectively. Using the PPT probabilities for the photoelectron momentum distribution in an elliptically polarized field d 3 W ξ /d 3 p [42,43], where the CF effects for the electron dynamics in the continuum are neglected, the normalized yield can be derived:…”

Section: Low-energy Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Coulomb focusing in above-threshold ionization in elliptically polarized midinfrared strong laser fields

Liu

Hatsagortsyan

2012

The role of Coulomb focusing in above-threshold ionization in an elliptically polarized midinfrared strong laser field is investigated within a semiclassical model incorporating tunneling and Coulomb field effects. It is shown that Coulomb focusing up to moderate ellipticity values (ξ≲0.3) is dominated by multiple forward scattering of the ionized electron by the atomic core that creates a characteristic low-energy structure in the photoelectron spectrum and is responsible for the peculiar energy scaling of the ionization normalized yield along the major polarization axis. At higher ellipticities, the electron continuum dynamics is disturbed by the Coulomb field effect mostly at the exit of the ionization tunnel. Due to the latter, the normalized yield is found to be enhanced, with the enhancement factor being sharply pronounced at intermediate ellipticities

Quasistatic limit of the strong-field approximation describing atoms in intense laser fields: Circular polarization

Bauer

2011

In the recent work of Vanne and Saenz [Phys. Rev. A 75, 063403 (2007)] the quasistatic limit of the velocity gauge strong-field approximation describing the ionization rate of atomic or molecular systems exposed to linearly polarized laser fields was derived. It was shown that in the low-frequency limit the ionization rate is proportional to the laser frequency ω (for a constant intensity of the laser field). In the present work I show that for circularly polarized laser fields the ionization rate is proportional to ω for and atoms, to ω for and 4