On the Historical Tidal Waves in China

Keimatsu, Mitsuo

doi:10.4294/zisin1948.16.3_149

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…However, it was clearly documented in the earliest accessible report of this event [Q5] that the earthquake was not associated with the sea-surge but a separate event. Similar to event [1], Keimatsu (1963) misinterpreted this event as a tsunami. [5] This earthquake occurred at the same place as event [4].…”

Section: A1 Discussion On Selected Suspected Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third is the discrepancies in the description of the same natural disaster events in different historical records. Keimatsu (1963) pointed out that that a certain event was sometimes recorded in different degree of completeness. The description of the storm associated with a sea-surge was sometimes omitted in later records, causing a kind of transcription error (c.f.…”

Section: Pitfalls Of Historical Literaturesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Keimatsu (1963) divided the sea-surge reports in Chinese historical literature into three types: those reported associated with a storm, those along with an earthquake, and those without an explicit cause. The first type was considered not to be a tsunami in the current study (see Sect.…”

Section: Data Source Of Suspected Historical Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4.1.3). Philippines X An "X" indicates that the event was referred in the corresponding existing study a Sources of the information of the magnitude and epicenter are indicated by superscripts, see footnote b b 1, Russia database; 2, NGDC database; 3, Li (1981); 4, Zhou and Adams (1986); 5, Lee (1988); 6, NTOU (n.d.); 7, Keimatsu (1963);8, Yang (1987);9, National Seismological Bureau (1995); 10, Chinese Academy of Sciences (1956); 11, Lu (1984); 12, estimated value c A total of five events are marked as 13. They are all events located near the Philippines, which is outside the study region.…”

Section: Data Source Of Suspected Historical Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first source of data is previous tsunami surveys (Li 1981;Zhou and Adams 1986;Lee 1988;NTOU, n.d.;Keimatsu 1963;Yang 1987), as well as the online databases compiled by National Geophysical Data Center (hereafter referred as "NGDC database") and Tsunami Laboratory of Russian Academy of Sciences (hereafter referred as "Russian database"). A total of 19 suspected tsunami events are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Data Source Of Suspected Historical Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical tsunamis in South China

Mak

Chan

2007

Nat Hazards

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An accurate assessment of tsunami risk of a region requires a credible record of past tsunami events in the region. Existing surveys on historical tsunamis of South China have not presented a consistent list of events. The current report makes reference to original historical literature and evaluates the validity of suspected tsunami events in published surveys. A set of refined historical data for further investigation of the tsunami hazard in the region was produced. Only two events have been identified as credible reports of tsunami in the current study. Some events previously considered as tsunami, including a few with great reported casualties, are found to be unsubstantiable.

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Section: A1 Discussion On Selected Suspected Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pitfalls Of Historical Literaturesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Data Source Of Suspected Historical Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Source Of Suspected Historical Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Source Of Suspected Historical Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Historical tsunamis in South China

Mak

Chan

2007

Nat Hazards

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Boulder transport and wave height of a seventeenth century South China Sea tsunami on Penghu Islands, Taiwan

Yen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. The widespread tsunami risks in the South China Sea have diverse origins from trench megathrust to intraplate earthquake or landslide and remain poorly understood due to the scarce historical and geological records. The cliff-top paleotsunami gravels and basalt boulders on Penghu Islands in the Taiwan Strait present facies constraints on sediment transport, wave estimates from incipient motion formulas, and stratigraphic links to the probable sources. The boulders are supported by a pumice-bearing mud matrix that reflects a suspension-rich turbulent flow process and the typical rolling–saltation transport that results from bore-like waves. Calibrating for ancient sea level height and 100 year surge indicates that the storm waves that are likely to form in the shallow interisland bathymetry only enable boulder sliding–rolling and are incapable of the 2.5 m high cliff-top deposition. The estimated minimum height of tsunami waves is also insufficient and needs to add to 3.0 m high for a minimum cliff-top overflow of 0.5 m depth for terminal rolling before deposition. Coeval gravels in two other outcrops also record the time and extent of tsunami deposition, and are characterized by beach-derived bioclasts and stranded pumices, sharp base, matrix support, poor sorting, and elevation reaching above the 100 year surge. The gravels mark the local minimum wave run-ups and reach 2.4–4.0 m above sea level. The 1575–1706 radiocarbon age of the studied boulder suggests a probable tie to the disastrous 1661 earthquake in the SW Taiwan Orogen and the megathrust source in the northern Manila Trench.

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Boulder transport and wave height of a seventeenth-century South China Sea tsunami on Penghu Islands, Taiwan

Yu,

Lu,

Yen

et al. 2023

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The South China Sea faces widespread tsunami risks from diverse sources, including trench megathrusts, intraplate earthquakes, and landslides. However, historical and geological records to constrain worse-case simulations are scarce. The cliff-top basalt boulders on the Penghu Islands in the Taiwan Strait provide wave estimates from incipient motion formulas and stratigraphic links to the probable sources. Calibrating for ancient local sea levels and a 100-year surge indicates that storm waves in the shallow interisland bathymetry only enable boulder sliding–rolling below the 2.5 m high cliff. A minimum tsunami wave height of ∼ 3.2 m is necessary for cliff-top overflow to exceed boulder height and terminal rolling before deposition. Coeval gravels in two other outcrops also record the time and extent of tsunami deposition with beach-derived bioclasts, stranded pumices, a sharp base, matrix support, poor sorting, and elevations surpassing the 100-year surge. These gravels mark local minimum wave run-ups, reaching 2.4–4.0 m above sea level. The radiocarbon age of the studied boulder, between 1575 and 1706, suggests a probable tie to the disastrous 1661 earthquake in southwest Taiwan and the megathrust source in the northern Manila Trench.

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On the Historical Tidal Waves in China

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Historical tsunamis in South China

Historical tsunamis in South China

Boulder transport and wave height of a seventeenth century South China Sea tsunami on Penghu Islands, Taiwan

Boulder transport and wave height of a seventeenth-century South China Sea tsunami on Penghu Islands, Taiwan

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