On the Functional Neuroanatomy of Intrinsic and Phasic Alertness

Sturm, Walter; Hinckeldey, Klaus Willmes-von

doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0839

Cited by 627 publications

(529 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Due to the widespread active neuronal networks that are involved in attention, this is considered to be the most vulnerable cognitive function (8)(9)(10)(11). A well-validated set of six standardized psychometric tests was performed.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, possible effects caused by the interaction of the static magnetic field, gradient fields, and RF energy could not be detected. Additionally, the neuropsychological test battery was short and not focused on the most vulnerable cognitive function, which is attention (8)(9)(10)(11). A few studies have assessed subtests on attention, among other things, but here also no imaging sequences were performed (12)(13)(14).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exposure to high‐field MRI does not affect cognitive function

Schlamann

Voigt

Maderwald

et al. 2010

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To assess potential cognitive deficits under the influence of static magnetic fields at various field strengths some studies already exist. These studies were not focused on attention as the most vulnerable cognitive function. Additionally, mostly no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were performed. Materials and Methods:In all, 25 right-handed men were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent one MRI examination of 63 minutes at 1.5 T and one at 7 T within an interval of 10 to 30 days. The order of the examinations was randomized. Subjects were referred to six standardized neuropsychological tests strictly focused on attention immediately before and after each MRI examination. Differences in neuropsychological variables between the timepoints before and after each MRI examination were assessed and P-values were calculated Results: Only six subtests revealed significant differences between pre-and post-MRI. In these tests the subjects achieved better results in post-MRI testing than in pre-MRI testing (P ¼ 0.013-0.032). The other tests revealed no significant results. Conclusion:The improvement in post-MRI testing is only explicable as a result of learning effects. MRI examinations, even in ultrahigh-field scanners, do not seem to have any persisting influence on the attention networks of human cognition immediately after exposure.

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Section: Neuropsychological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to high‐field MRI does not affect cognitive function

Schlamann

Voigt

Maderwald

et al. 2010

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…Alerting is the process in which the attentional system is prepared for when a stimulus is set to appear. Alerting is subsumed by thalamic areas of the brain (Sturm & Willmes, 2001). The orienting network prioritises the location or timing of the visual scene for sensory input (Petersen & Posner, 2012) by intensifying the incoming signal by limiting noise and increasing resolution and/or the size the attentional spotlight (Carrasco, 2011;Facoetti & Molteni, 2000;Reynolds & Chelazzi, 2004;Reynolds & Heeger, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Attentional modulation of the carry over of eye-movements between tasks

et al. 2016

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Task demands that influence scanning behaviour in one task can cause that behaviour to persist to a second unrelated task (carry over). This can also affect performance on a second task (e.g., hazard perception ratings), and has been attributed to a process of attentional bias that is modulated by top-down influences (Thompson & Crundall, 2011). In a series of experiments we explored how these top-down influences impact upon carry over. In all experiments, participants searched letters that were presented horizontally, vertically, or in a random array. They were then presented with a driving scene and rated the hazardousness of the scene. Carry over of eye-movements from the letter search to the scene was observed in all experiments. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that this carry over effect influenced hazard perception accuracy. The magnitude of carry over was correlated with task switching abilities, attentional conflicting, and attentional orienting (Experiment 1), and was affected by predictability of the primary task (Experiment 2). Furthermore, direct current stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal areas affected the magnitude of the effect (Experiment 3). These results indicate that carry over is modulated by the specific ability to orient attention and disengage from this orientation. Over orienting leads to increased carry over and insufficient task switching is detrimental to task performance. As a result the current experiments provide evidence that the carry over effect is strongly influenced by attentional processes, namely orienting, inhibition, and task switching.

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“…This finding is supposed to be caused by its substantial overlap with the posterior orienting network within the right cerebral hemisphere (Bartolomeo, 2000;De Renzi et al, 1989;Gitelman et al, 2002;Karnath et al, 1998;Vallar, 2001). While positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (f MRI) studies suggest a righthemisphere frontal and inferior parietal network subserving alertness (Fernandez-Duque & Posner, 2001;Sturm et al, 1999;Sturm & Willmes, 2001), the orienting network is associated with right frontal and superior, as well as inferior parietal cortical areas (Gitelman et al, 1999;Posner et al, 1984;Vallar et al, 2003). Additionally, it is subserved by subcortical structures such as the superior colliculus of the midbrain and the pulvinar and reticular nucleus of the thalamus (Posner & Petersen, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low arousal modulates visuospatial attention in three-dimensional virtual space

Heber

Valvoda

Kuhlen

et al. 2008

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

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Clinical, experimental, and functional imaging studies suggest overlapping neuronal networks and functional interactions of alertness and visuospatial attention within the right hemisphere of the brain. To examine the interaction of arousal and visuospatial attention in peripersonal and extrapersonal virtual space, we tested 20 healthy male adults during 24 hr of sleep deprivation at four points during the night (9 p.m., 1 a.m., 5 a.m., and 9 a.m.). The main finding concerning covert orienting in a virtual environment is a highly significant slowing of reorientation toward the left visual hemifield in extrapersonal space due to decreased arousal. The results provide additional evidence for the proposed anatomical and functional overlap of the two attentional systems and indicate a modulation of visuospatial attention by the level of arousal in extrapersonal space. (JINS, 2008, 14, 309-317.)

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On the Functional Neuroanatomy of Intrinsic and Phasic Alertness

Cited by 627 publications

References 34 publications

Exposure to high‐field MRI does not affect cognitive function

Exposure to high‐field MRI does not affect cognitive function

Attentional modulation of the carry over of eye-movements between tasks

Low arousal modulates visuospatial attention in three-dimensional virtual space

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