Exposure to high‐field MRI does not affect cognitive function

Schlamann, Marc; Voigt, Melanie A.; Maderwald, Stefan; Bitz, Andreas K.; Kraff, Oliver; Ladd, Susanne C.; Ladd, Mark E.; Forsting, Michael; Wilhelm, Hans

doi:10.1002/jmri.22065

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To date, after more than 500 million MRI examinations worldwide, of which more than one thousand examinations were conducted at 4, 7 or 8 T, no indications of any long term health effects on humans have been observed. New studies show that the static magnetic field affects neither vital signs nor neurocognitition [20][21][22][23][24]. The findings in this work support the efforts which are currently being taken to amend the exposure limits for high fields and ultra high fields at MRI.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

MR safety: simultaneous B 0, dΦ/dt, and dB/dt measurements on MR-workers up to 7 T

Groebner

Umathum

Bock

et al. 2011

Magn Reson Mater Phy

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

MR safety: simultaneous B 0, dΦ/dt, and dB/dt measurements on MR-workers up to 7 T

Groebner

Umathum

Bock

et al. 2011

Magn Reson Mater Phy

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“…A more recent study has also shown that different cognitive domains can also be affected by time-varying magnetic fields [7]. In line with proposed biological mechanisms for these effects [8,9] no effects were observed within the homogeneous magnet bore, where patients are located during scanning [10] nor were effects on cognition measurable immediately after exposure had ended [11]. However, recent data from a controlled trial using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) does suggest a transient alteration in cortical excitability after undergoing an MRI scan and exposure has ended [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Health Effects and Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2011

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Dear Sir, With interest we took note of a review on health effects and safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Drs Ng, Faust and Acharya U, published online on March 30 2010 in the Journal of Medical Systems [1]. As adequately described by the authors there are a wide number of advantages to the use of MRI as a medical imaging modality that have led to improved diagnostic outcomes without the drawbacks of for example the use of X-rays; hence the exponential growth in usage since its first introduction in the late 1970s [2]. Nonetheless, there are several serious drawbacks related to the strong static and time-varying magnetic fields and radiofrequency fields required for scanning which as discussed by the authors require specific safety recommendations.Unfortunately, set out as a review of current knowledge of adverse health effects and current safety issues related to MRI environments for both patients and staff members this review fails to achieve its aim. Surprisingly, the most recent non-self citation reference to peer-reviewed work is from 2007 despite ongoing research since then. As such, it is no surprise that the safety recommendations provided by the authors focus on prevention of accidents due to ferromagnetic objects and implants, (local) tissue heating and reduction of acoustic noise, which were the only notable risks associated with MRI identified at the end of the previous century [3].However, since the publications cited by the authors an additional body of work (of which the first peer-reviewed papers were in fact already published in the period supposedly covered in the review) into acute transient adverse effects related to exposure to the static and time-varying magnetic fields present in, but also surrounding MRI systems has emerged. Controlled human trials [4][5][6] have provided evidence that visual perception and visuo-motor performance are negatively affected during movement (of the head) in the heterogeneous static magnetic stray field surrounding MR systems. A more recent study has also shown that different cognitive domains can also be affected by time-varying magnetic fields [7]. In line with proposed biological mechanisms for these effects [8,9] no effects were observed within the homogeneous magnet bore, where patients are located during scanning [10] nor were effects on cognition measurable immediately after exposure had ended [11]. However, recent data from a controlled trial using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) does suggest a transient alteration in cortical excitability after undergoing an MRI scan and exposure has ended [12]. Although a threshold level seems to exist for at least some of the acute effects [13], effects could already be measured well below the 2 T and 6 Ts −1 limits mentioned in this review (although appropriate limit values would instead have been the most recent ICNIRP guidelines [14]). Field surveys have further shown that MR engineers [15] and nurses [16] routinely working with MRI scanners regularly experience adverse transient effects including

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“…Previous studies revealed no significant biological effects on humans in terms of vital signs or cognitive functions; [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] however, some transient sensations, such as vertigo and a metallic taste, are said to be more frequently experienced at 7T than at lower static magnetic fields. 8,10 -12 Three studies performed with large European cohorts and 7T scanners from 2 vendors demonstrated that approximately one-fourth of subjects experienced unpleasant sensations, most of whom found the sensations tolerable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Sensations Experienced by Subjects during MR Imaging Examination at 7T

Uwano

Metoki

Sendai

et al. 2015

MRMS

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Purpose: We investigated sensations experienced by a large number of subjects during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations using a 7-tesla scanner and slow tablefeed speed.Methods: After examinations at 7T, 504 of 508 consecutive subjects completed questionnaires using an 11-point scale to rate 14 potential sensations and symptoms during table movement and stationary positioning of the table. We compared scores among the sensations and between table conditions and the mean values of the scores with those reported in previous studies and examined correlations between the scores and subject characteristics.Results: Vertigo and feelings of curving or leaning in the right or left direction during table movement were experienced frequently and markedly compared to other sensations and sensations experienced when the table was stationary (P < 0.01) and were correlated with subject age and examination time (P < 0.05). However, moderate to severe (scores of 5 to 10) vertigo and a curving/leaning feeling during table movement were noted in only 10.5% (vertigo) and 10.9% (curving/leaning) of subjects, and the mean vertigo score, 1.26, appeared to be substantially lower than that reported in a previous study. Reports of a metallic taste, nausea, and light flashes were significantly rarer and weaker than other sensations (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Vertigo and feelings of curving during table movement were the most frequent sensations reported during MR imaging examination at 7T. However, the occurrence and severity were low and mild, presumably because of the slow table-feed speed, which suggests that most patients and volunteers found discomfort at 7T acceptable.

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Exposure to high‐field MRI does not affect cognitive function

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

MR safety: simultaneous B 0, dΦ/dt, and dB/dt measurements on MR-workers up to 7 T

MR safety: simultaneous B 0, dΦ/dt, and dB/dt measurements on MR-workers up to 7 T

Health Effects and Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Assessment of Sensations Experienced by Subjects during MR Imaging Examination at 7T

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