“…Initial studies reported that "affordances" led to stimulus-response compatibility effects based on a correspondence between the graspable features of objects depicted in 2-D images and "independent" task-related actions (Bub & Masson, 2010;Creem & Proffitt, 2001;Craighero, Fadiga, Umiltà, & Rizzolatti, 1996;Gentilucci & Gangitano, 1998;Tucker & Ellis, 1998). However, the purported "automatic" activation of habitual actions elicited by affordances has been widely debated with recent evidence in the literature suggesting that these effects are dependent on task and stimulus sets (Kornblum & Lee, 1995), and on the type of motor response required to be executed (Bub, Masson, & van Noordenne, 2021;Chong & Proctor, 2020;Bub et al, 2018;Bub & Masson, 2010). As a result, habitual actions have been shown to be more strongly elicited with real objects than 2-D images of objects (Gomez, Skiba, & Snow, 2018;Snow et al, 2011).…”