“…1 Bu ering in MPEG MPEG, ISO (1) is used for video compression and transmission with constant bit rates of up to about 1.5 Mbit/s which is usually called the sub-primary transmission rate. As the compressed video stream from an MPEG video encoder comprises variable rate tra c there has to be a bu er for converting the variable rate tra c to constant rate tra c in a way which controls the amount of incoming video tra c. Research on bu ering and adaptive quantisation has been carried out, Chen and Wong (2), Lee et al (3), Kawashima (4). Most of this research focuses on adaptive quantisation itself e.g.…”