On the energetics of open systems

Johnson, Donald R.; Downey, William K.

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v34i5.10831

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Of course, we can only discern how these boundary processes alter the energetics of the environment by explicit calculations of the budgets for that domain. The importance of boundary work and flux in open system energetics has been emphasized by Johnson (1970), Smith (1970) and Johnson and Downey (1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference pressure changes and available potential energy in isobaric coordinates

Robertson¹

1985

Tellus A

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference pressure changes and available potential energy in isobaric coordinates

Robertson¹

1985

Tellus A

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“…Moreover, these studies discussed the issue of non‐zero boundary fluxes in an open system in detail (e.g. Smith, ; ; Johnson and Downey, ; Clément et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these studies discussed the issue of non-zero boundary fluxes in an open system in detail (e.g. Smith, 1969a;1969b;Johnson and Downey, 1982;Clément et al, 2017). The Lorenz box energetics is used here to study the salient contributions that relate to the convection, or the organized convection.…”

Section: Lorenz Box Energetics In Spatial Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

On scale interactions between the MJO and synoptic scale

Dubey

Krishnamurti

Kumar

2018

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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DYNAMO was a field experiment conducted over the near‐equatorial Indian Ocean during 2011 and 2012 for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). This study uses DYNAMO observations to study the organization of convection and maintenance of the MJO within the framework of synoptic‐scale weather systems. Lorenz box energetics is used over the limited DYNAMO domain to study the in‐scale energetics (i.e. the exchange of energy within a single scale). Formal scale energetics in the frequency domain is used to study the in‐scale as well as out‐of‐scale interactions (i.e. the exchange of energy among diverse scales) of the kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE) over limited DYNAMO domain and a zonal belt around the Earth extending 20° north and south of the Equator. The synoptic‐scale precipitation distributions, generation of eddy APE (from the covariance of convective heating and temperature) and its disposition to eddy KE (from the covariance of vertical velocity and temperature) confirm the importance of in‐scale energetics for the maintenance of the synoptic scale. The in‐scale energetics in the frequency domain suggest that conversion of APE to KE on the MJO scale is crucial for its maintenance. Out‐of‐scale energetics suggest that over both domains, MJO loses KE to the synoptic time‐scale (2–7 days), but a reverse situation is encountered in the vicinity of the summer subtropical jet. Overall, MJO is found weakly modulating synoptic scales via transferring eddy KE. These results also imply that out‐of‐scale KE interactions between MJO and synoptic scales are not crucial in understanding the maintenance of the MJO over the DYNAMO domain.

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The available‐enthalpy cycle. II: Applications to idealized baroclinic waves

Marquet

2003

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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SUMMARYThe local available-enthalpy cycle proposed in Part I of this paper is applied to document energetics of three numerical simulations, representing life cycles of idealized baroclinic waves. An improved temporal numerical scheme de ned in Part I is used in this study, together with the Arpège-IFS model using a T42 triangular truncation. A 45 ± N and 200 hPa dry unstable jet is constructed with the most unstable mode at zonal wave number 8. Energetic impacts of both horizontal and vertical diffusion schemes are determined separately.The role of ageostrophic winds within the Ekman layer is investigated, leading to an explanation for large observed values for the dissipation terms and to a new formulation of the potential-energy conversions. The magnitudes of these new conversion terms are compared with those of the usual barotropic and baroclinic conversions. A new version for the available-enthalpy cycle is proposed. It is suitable for open systems and it includes explicitly the potential-energy component as a transitional reservoir. Finally, some results from Intensive Observing Period 15 of the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Track EXperiment are compared with those from the idealized diabatic experiment.

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On the energetics of open systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Reference pressure changes and available potential energy in isobaric coordinates

Reference pressure changes and available potential energy in isobaric coordinates

On scale interactions between the MJO and synoptic scale

The available‐enthalpy cycle. II: Applications to idealized baroclinic waves

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