On the Early Mechanisms of Bone Formation after Maxillary Sinus Membrane Elevation: An Experimental Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract

Bone formation after sinus membrane elevation with or without additional bone grafts starts at the sinus floor and sprouts into the elevated space along the implant surface. The sinus membrane does not seem to present osteoinductive potential in sinus membrane elevation procedures in this study.

Two‐Center Prospective, Randomized, Clinical, and Radiographic Study Comparing Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation with or without Bone Graft and Simultaneous Implant Placement

“…Elevation of the Schneiderian membrane and tenting effect of the simultaneously inserted dental implants seem to be sufficient for endo‐sinus bone gain. This is in line with histological findings from sites treated with membrane elevation without grafting that demonstrated bone tissue formation from the coagulum under the lifted membrane . Previous radiographic examinations identified OSFE procedure without grafting material as predictable treatment approach for posterior maxilla with limited residual bone height.…”

“…As an alternative to sinus lift with different grafting materials, graft‐free sinus lift was introduced in order to decrease invasiveness and increase cost‐effectiveness of the treatment . Histological studies have documented formation of new bone from void beneath the elevated Schneiderian membrane initially occupied by the coagulum as well as implant osseointegration . However, the mechanism behind the early bone formation under the lifted membrane is incompletely explained, and the role of the Schneiderian membrane in this process is controversial .…”

Elevation of the maxillary sinus membrane for de-novo bone formation: First results of a prospective study in humans

“…Bone formation by sinus membrane elevation has been proven in several studies (Lundgren et al, 2004(Lundgren et al, , 2008Palma et al, 2006;Cricchio et al, 2011aCricchio et al, , 2011bCricchio et al, , 2014Jungner et al, 2014).…”

Computer guided sinus floor elevation through lateral window approach with simultaneous implant placement

“…And through the last decade many studies proofed that the Schneiderian membrane has the potential for bone formation even in the absence of any graft material in the sinus cavity due to the presence of osteoprogenitor cells . Conversely, other studies have shown that bone formation following sinus membrane elevation proceeds from the sinus floor along with the implants apices toward the elevated space …”