“…Technology licensing is a topic that has been broadly studied. The literature has focused on two main aspects: the study of the strategic decision by patent holders to whom to assign a license (Badia et al., 2020), and the study of optimal contracts in technology licenses between the licensor and the licensee (Katz & Shapiro, 1986). Previous studies about contracts highlight that the optimal mechanism—fixed fees, royalties, or auctions—to the transference of technology may depend whether the owner of technology is an outsider innovator (e.g., Kamien, 1992; Kamien & Tauman, 1986; Katz & Shapiro, 1986; Miao, 2013; Stamatopoulos & Tauman, 2009) or, on the contrary, the patent holder is a producer in the market (e.g., Kamien & Tauman, 2002; Sen & Tauman, 2007; Wang, 1998).…”