On the development of chrome-free tanning agents: an advanced Trojan horse strategy using ‘Al–Zr-oligosaccharides’ produced by the depolymerization and oxidation of biomass

Abstract

This work addresses the manufacturing of a pioneering chrome-free tanning agent, consisting of ‘Al-Zr-oligosaccharides’ produced from biomass. First, a microwave-assisted AlCl3-H2O2-H2O reaction system was used for the simultaneous degradation and...

Extraction of insoluble fibrous collagen for characterization and crosslinking with phenolic compounds from pomegranate byproducts for leather tanning applications

“…Several studies have presented technologies concerning ecological steps in the tanning process 5–7 enzymatic soaking, 8 green dehairing or unhairing, 9 pickle-free tanning process enhancing chrome tanning process, 10–13 waterless tanning 14 and utilization techniques for food processing solid waste. 15,16 However, these techniques were not prioritized in the production and didn't drive until recently to cleaner products. As a consequence, efficient and low-cost effective solutions using environmentally friendly methods are required in all pre-tanning and tanning operations, particularly unhairing, pickling and tanning steps.…”

Modular penetration and controlled release (MP-CR): improving the internal modification of natural hierarchical materials with smart nanoparticles

“…1B). [36][37][38] These factors not only largely affect the overall performance of the products, but also bring new problems including water pollution by heavy metal ions.…”

Providing Natural Organic Pigments with Excellent Tanning Capabilities: A Novel “One-Pot” Tanning–Dyeing Integration Strategy for Sustainable Leather Manufacturing

“…Leather production generally includes dozens of processes, among which tanning is the essential step wherein the raw skin/hide is converted into a highly stable leather material . Currently, chromic salts are the species most widely used commercially to produce leather products with desirable physical and organoleptic properties due to their excellent crosslinking effects on collagen fibers (CFs). , Unfortunately, large amounts of chrome-containing solid and liquid wastes are inevitably generated because these pollutants are difficult to be adequately managed and disposed of at a low cost. , Such inevitable chrome-involved pollution has stringently driven leather manufacturers to seek cleaner chrome-free leather production alternate technologies. − Among the chrome-free tanning technologies developed recently, bio-based organic tanning materials have raised significant attention considering their sustainable nature and biodegradation features. − …”