This article studies a novel distributed precoding design, coined team minimum mean-square error (TMMSE) precoding, which rigorously generalizes classical centralized MMSE precoding to distributed operations based on transmitter-specific channel state information (CSIT). Building on the so-called theory of teams, we derive a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for optimal TMMSE precoding, in the form of an infinite dimensional linear system of equations. These optimality conditions are further specialized to cell-free massive MIMO networks, and explicitly solved for two important examples, i.e., the classical case of local CSIT and the case of unidirectional CSIT sharing along a serial fronthaul. The latter case is relevant, e.g., for the recently proposed radio stripe concept and the related advances on sequential processing exploiting serial connections. In both cases, our optimal design outperforms the heuristic methods that are known from the previous literature. Duality arguments and numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed team theoretical approach in terms of ergodic achievable rates under a sum-power constraint.
I. INTRODUCTIONInter-cell interference is a major limiting factor of wireless communication systems capitalizing on aggressive spectrum reuse and network densification to increase capacity. To mitigate this effect, future generation systems are expected to implement advanced cooperative communication techniques, in particular by letting geographically distributed base stations jointly serve their users. However, the practical deployment of cooperative wireless networks is currently prevented by the severe scalability issue arising from network-wide processing [2]. Specifically, the excessive amount of data and channel state information (CSI) to be timely A preliminary version of this work has been submitted to IEEE SPAWC 2021 [1].