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Background: To examine the effectiveness and safety of yoga of women with sleep problems by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Medline/PubMed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched throughout the month of June, 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing yoga groups with control groups in women with sleep problems were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated risk of bias by using the risk of bias tool suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration for programming and conducting systematic reviews and metaanalyses. The main outcome measure was sleep quality or the severity of insomnia, which was measured using subjective instruments, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), or objective instruments such as polysomnography, actigraphy, and safety of the intervention. For each outcome, a standardized mean difference (SMD) and confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% were determined. Results: Nineteen studies in this systematic review included 1832 participants. The meta-analysis of the combined data conducted according to Comprehensive Meta-Analysis showed a significant improvement in sleep (SMD = − 0.327, 95% CI = − 0.506 to − 0.148, P < 0.001). Meta-analyses revealed positive effects of yoga using PSQI scores in 16 randomized control trials (RCTs), compared with the control group in improving sleep quality among women using PSQI (SMD = − 0.54; 95% CI = − 0.89 to − 0.19; P = 0.003). However, three RCTs revealed no effects of yoga compared to the control group in reducing insomnia among women using ISI (SMD = − 0.13; 95% CI = − 0.74 to 0.48; P = 0.69). Seven RCTs revealed no evidence for effects of yoga compared with the control group in improving sleep quality for women with breast cancer using PSQI (SMD = − 0.15; 95% CI = − 0.31 to 0.01; P = 0.5). Four RCTs revealed no evidence for the effects of yoga compared with the control group in improving the sleep quality for peri/ postmenopausal women using PSQI (SMD = − 0.31; 95% CI = − 0.95 to 0.33; P = 0.34). Yoga was not associated with any serious adverse events.

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Significant progress has been made recently in Generalized Degrees of Freedom (GDoF) characterizations of wireless interference channels (IC) and broadcast channels (BC) under the assumption of finite precision channel state information at the transmitters (CSIT), especially for smaller or highly symmetric network settings. A critical barrier in extending these results to larger and asymmetric networks is the inherent combinatorial complexity of such networks. Motivated by other fields such as extremal combinatorics and extremal graph theory, we explore the possibility of an extremal network theory, i.e., a study of extremal networks within particular regimes of interest. As our test application, we study the GDoF benefits of transmitter cooperation in a K user IC over the simple scheme of power control and treating interference as Gaussian noise (TIN) for three regimes of interest -a TIN regime identified by Geng et al. where TIN was shown to be GDoF optimal for the K user interference channel, a CTIN regime identified by Yi and Caire where the GDoF region achievable by TIN is convex without time-sharing, and an SLS regime identified by Davoodi and Jafar where a simple layered superposition (SLS) scheme is shown to be optimal in the K user MISO BC, albeit only for K ≤ 3. The SLS regime includes the CTIN regime, and the CTIN regime includes the TIN regime. As our first result, we show that under finite precision CSIT, TIN is GDoF optimal for the K user IC throughout the CTIN regime. Furthermore, under finite precision CSIT, appealing to extremal network theory we obtain the following results. In the TIN regime as well as the CTIN regime, we show that the extremal GDoF gain from transmitter cooperation over TIN is bounded regardless of the number of users. In fact, the gain is exactly a factor of 3/2 in the TIN regime, and 2 − 1/K in the CTIN regime, for arbitrary number of users K > 1. However, in the SLS regime, the gain is Θ(log 2 (K)), i.e., it scales logarithmically with the number of users.Finding the capacity limits of wireless networks is one of the grand challenges of network information theory. While exact capacity characterizations remain elusive, much progress has been made on this problem within the past decade through Degrees of Freedom (DoF) [1] and Generalized Degrees of Freedom (GDoF) [2] studies. This includes both new achievable schemes, including those inspired by the idea of interference alignment (IA) [3][4][5][6], and new outer bounds, such as those based on the aligned images (AI) approach [7]. With these advances as stepping stones, a worthy goal at this stage is to bring the theory closer to practice by adapting the models and metrics to increasingly incorporate practical concerns. As a step in this direction, this work is motivated by three practical concerns -robustness, simplicity, and scalability.By robustness we refer specifically to the channel state information at the transmitters (CSIT). GDoF characterizations under perfect CSIT provide important theoretical benchmarks, but often ...

Acupuncture is an accepted treatment worldwide for various clinical conditions, and the effects of acupuncture on opiate addiction have been investigated in many clinical trials. The present review systematically analyzed data from randomized clinical trials published in Chinese and English since 1970. We found that the majority agreed on the efficacy of acupuncture as a strategy for the treatment of opiate addiction. However, some of the methods in several included trials have been criticized for their poor quality. This review summarizes the quality of the study design, the types of acupuncture applied, the commonly selected acupoints or sites of the body, the effectiveness of the treatment, and the possible mechanism underlying the effectiveness of acupuncture in these trials.

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Tyrosinase-based TLC (thin layer chromatography) was developed for screening of anti-melanogenic drugs. In particular, this technique enables researchers to identify melanogenic inhibitor(s) in tested mixtures with the naked eye. In comparison with traditional colorimetric screening assays for tyrosinase inhibitor(s), not only is tyrosinase-based TLC a more cost-effective option (nearly one-tenth the enzyme cost of colorimetric methods) but also is a more sensitive detection approach for kojic acid (KA), a standard anti-melanogenic drug. The detection limit of tyrosinase-based TLC and colorimetric tyrosinase assay for KA was 0.0125 and 1.25 μg, respectively, demonstrating that the former was 100-fold more sensitive than the latter to determine the tyrosinase inhibitory rate of KA. Furthermore, the results of this method have demonstrated excellent precision by Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (Gage R&R), with the variation of total Gage R&R being 28.24%. To verify the applicability of tyrosinase-based TLC, this platform was employed to screen melanogenic inhibitor(s) from Ganoderma formosanum extracts and two of all fractions (GFE-EA F4, F5) obtained showed depigmenting activity. It is noteworthy that these two fractions also exerted anti-melanogenesis activity on zebrafish, therefore verifying the credibility of tyrosinase-based TLC. In sum, this technique provides new insight into the discovery of novel melanogenic inhibitor(s).