On the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exchange between the atmosphere and the
                        biosphere: the role of synoptic and mesoscale processes

Chan, Douglas; Yuen, Chiu‐Wai; Higuchi, Kaz; Shashkov, A. A.; Liu, Jane; Chen, Jing; Worthy, D.

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v56i3.16424

Cited by 38 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On the other hand, very low CO 2 mixing ratios of less than 376 ppm are observed in areas 10°-15°E, 100°-115°E and 125°-135°E over the Eurasian continent. These small-scale variability of large fluctuations detected by our instrument with a sampling interval of 1 min ($15 km interval) is likely caused by the rapid vertical transport of low-concentration CO 2 (due to strong photosynthetic absorption of CO 2 by the vegetation in the summer) from the surface to the upper troposphere by small-scale convection or frontal uplifting [Chan et al, 2004]. Same kind of CH 4 , enhancement in upper troposphere by rapid vertical transport was also observed by aircraft observation over Siberia [Tohjima et al, 1997].…”

Section: Observed Seasonal Cycles Of Co 2 In the Upper Tropospherementioning

confidence: 86%

Aircraft observation of the seasonal variation in the transport of CO₂ in the upper atmosphere

Sawa¹,

Machida²,

Matsueda³

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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A large number of in situ carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements from 5224 flights were taken by commercial airliners from 2005 to 2010. We analyzed the seasonal cycles in tropospheric CO2 in wide areas of the world over the Eurasian continent, the North Pacific, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. In the Northern Hemisphere, large seasonal changes of CO2 in the upper troposphere are found from spring through summer at northern midlatitudes to high latitudes with significant longitudinal differences; seasonally low CO2 mixing ratios are vertically transported from the surface over the Eurasian continent and then transported eastward to the North Pacific. In the Southern Hemisphere, the CO2 in the upper troposphere increases rapidly from April to June, indicating clearly the interhemispheric transport of high CO2 from the Northern Hemisphere winter. The rapid increase in the upper southern lower latitudes is equivalent to about 0.2 Pg increase in carbon. This interhemispheric transport should be adequately represented in general circulation models for source/sink estimates by inverse methods, because it is comparable to the seasonal or net fluxes estimated for a current inversion area size or a typical subcontinental domain. Estimation for transport of CO2 through the high altitudes will be more important than ever with increasing data from aircraft observations.

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Section: Observed Seasonal Cycles Of Co 2 In the Upper Tropospherementioning

confidence: 86%

Aircraft observation of the seasonal variation in the transport of CO₂ in the upper atmosphere

Sawa¹,

Machida²,

Matsueda³

2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…In addition to large-scale transport of natural and anthropogenic fluxes, the variability of CO 2 over continents is also driven by synoptic frontal passages (Chan et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2007), mesoscale regional circulations and BL dynamics (Nakazawa et al, 1997;Nicholls et al, 2004;Sarrat et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2007). Dense vertical profiles and horizontal gradients of CO 2 over continents obtained with airborne campaigns provide unique insights to better quantify and understand the variability of the underlying CO 2 sources and sinks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The YAK-AEROSIB transcontinental aircraft campaigns: new insights on the transport of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO and O<sub>3</sub> across Siberia

Paris¹,

Ciais²,

Nédélec³

et al. 2008

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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Two airborne campaigns were carried out to measure the tropospheric concentrations and variability of CO2, CO and O3 over Siberia. In order to quantify the influence of remote and regional natural and anthropogenic sources, we analysed a total of 52 vertical profiles of these species collected in April and September 2006, every ∼200 km and up to 7 km altitude. CO2 and CO concentrations were high in April 2006 (respectively 385–390 ppm CO2 and 160–200 ppb CO) compared to background values. CO concentrations up to 220 ppb were recorded above 3.5 km over eastern Siberia, with enhancements in 500–1000 m thick layers. The presence of CO enriched air masses resulted from a quick frontal uplift of a polluted air mass exposed to northern China anthropogenic emissions and to fire emissions in northern Mongolia. A dominant Asian origin for CO above 4 km (71.0%) contrasted with a dominant European origin below this altitude (70.9%) was deduced both from a transport model analysis, and from the contrasted ΔCO/ΔCO2 ratio vertical distribution. In September 2006, a significant O3 depletion (∼–30 ppb) was repeatedly observed in the boundary layer, as diagnosed from virtual potential temperature profiles and CO2 gradients, compared to the free troposphere aloft, suggestive of a strong O3 deposition over Siberian forests.

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“…However, if there are other transport processes included, then PBL-flux covariation acquires the spatial scale from the other transport processes. Thus including LSE transport and PBL variations, the PBL-flux covariation can influence a large area of the extratropics, including the polar region (in this case, PBL-flux covariation may be strongly modulated by the interaction of the biosphere and LSE processes [Chan et al, 2004]). Conversely, the covariation of LSE transport alone (with constant PBL) and flux can account for a significant amount of annual mean CO 2 spatial gradient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal CO₂ rectifier effect and large‐scale extratropical atmospheric transport

et al. 2008

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[1] In atmospheric transport models, the covariation of the atmospheric transport and annually neutral biospheric CO 2 flux is usually evident as the annual zonal mean surface CO 2 concentration gradient. Using the NIES transport model and CO 2 flux from the Biome-BGC model, the covariations of different transport mechanisms and CO 2 flux were examined and quantified. Including the covariation of the total transport (processes included in the NIES model) and CO 2 flux, the annual average pole to pole CO 2 concentration gradient is 3.5 ppm and interhemispheric difference of the average extratropical surface concentration is 2.5 ppm. The conventional covariation mechanism of the seasonal variation of planetary boundary layer mixing height and CO 2 flux accounts for approximately 45% of the CO 2 concentration gradient. Another important contribution to the CO 2 concentration gradient in this model is the covariation of the extratropical anomaly transport (mainly by cyclones and anticyclones) and the biospheric flux, which accounts for about 55%. This alternate physical mechanism is the association of stronger meridional (north-south) anomaly transport (under strong baroclinic instability condition) with higher CO 2 concentration from soil respiration in the winter and weaker anomaly transport (weak baroclinic instability condition) with lower CO 2 concentration from photosynthetic uptake in the summer. The net result of the meridional transport and flux covariation is a north-south annual zonal mean CO 2 concentration gradient.

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On the CO<sub>2</sub> exchange between the atmosphere and the biosphere: the role of synoptic and mesoscale processes

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Aircraft observation of the seasonal variation in the transport of CO₂ in the upper atmosphere

Aircraft observation of the seasonal variation in the transport of CO₂ in the upper atmosphere

The YAK-AEROSIB transcontinental aircraft campaigns: new insights on the transport of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO and O<sub>3</sub> across Siberia

Seasonal CO₂ rectifier effect and large‐scale extratropical atmospheric transport

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On the CO<sub>2</sub> exchange between the atmosphere and the biosphere: the role of synoptic and mesoscale processes

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Aircraft observation of the seasonal variation in the transport of CO2 in the upper atmosphere

Aircraft observation of the seasonal variation in the transport of CO2 in the upper atmosphere

The YAK-AEROSIB transcontinental aircraft campaigns: new insights on the transport of CO<sub>2</sub>, CO and O<sub>3</sub> across Siberia

Seasonal CO2 rectifier effect and large‐scale extratropical atmospheric transport

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Aircraft observation of the seasonal variation in the transport of CO₂ in the upper atmosphere

Aircraft observation of the seasonal variation in the transport of CO₂ in the upper atmosphere

Seasonal CO₂ rectifier effect and large‐scale extratropical atmospheric transport