On the assembling of Pd/ceramic composite membranes for hydrogen separation

Development of thin Pd–Ag supported membranes for fluidized bed membrane reactors including WGS related gases

“…Chen et al [14] described a method using graphite ferrules instead of using standard metal ferrules. The authors have shown that these graphite ferrules could successfully seal the membrane with Swagelok ® connectors.…”

“…The membrane tube can be also sealed to a metal tube with connectors. The design of the connector is critical, because it should limit the pressing force and avoid damage to the thin membrane layer during operation [13,14].…”

Fabrication of H2-permeable palladium membranes based on pencil-coated porous stainless steel substrate

“…Namely, the fluxes of hydrogen and nitrogen were individually measured under the same temperature and pressure, and the ratio of hydrogen flux versus the nitrogen flux was regarded as the membrane selectivity. The membrane was assembled in a specially designed testing cell [21], giving an effective permeation area of 17.6 cm 2 . The pressure at the permeate side of the membranes was always ambient.…”

Comparison between fixed bed and fluidized bed membrane reactor configurations for PEM based micro-cogeneration systems

“…Palladium based membranes for hydrogen separation are not commercially deployed yet, despite the continuous improvements in fabrication techniques [27,[33][34][35][36]. Due to the high price of palladium, one critical aim of membrane R&D is achieving the maximum permeation with the lowest loads of palladium without compromising their selectivity.…”