“…Problems with inequality constraints can be reformulated in the above form by introducing slack variables. Moreover, nonlinear constrained programming is significant for solving engineering optimization problems in other forms, for example, the minimax problems (Jian, Quan, and Zhang 2007;Wang and Zhang 2008;Han, Jian, and Li 2011;Jian et al 2014) and dynamic optimization problems (Hu, Ong, and Teo 2002;Mohammed and Zhang 2013;Liu, Li, and Liu 2015;Zhang et al 2015). The filter method, as an alternative to merit functions for nonlinear constrained programming, was first proposed by Fletcher and Leyffer (2002).…”