Abstract:Glass rings used to be one of the most common jewellery types in the 10th-13th centuries in Central Europe, especially Silesia. The popularity of this type of decoration in this area could indicate its local origin. The chemical composition of the glass seems to confirm this theory. The Silesian glass rings analysed in this paper were made of high-lead alkaline and nonalkaline glass or of lead-ash glass. There was also a close relationship between the colour of the finished products and the chemical compositio… Show more
“…Similar compositions are known from medieval glass beads and rings throughout Europe (e.g. Neri et al 2018;Siemianowska et al 2019) and ultimately resemble the yellow vitreous pigment known as anima rather than glass in the strict sense (Matin 2019;Moretti and Hreglich 1984). At present it is almost impossible to determine whether the yellow and green tesserae were imported or produced locally.…”
Section: Mosaics From Madīnat Al-zahrā' and The Great Mosque Of Córdobamentioning
Unless otherwise indicated all images are reproduced with the permission of the rights holders acknowledged in captions and are expressly excluded from the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence covering the rest of this publication. Permission for reuse should be sought from the rights-holder.
“…Similar compositions are known from medieval glass beads and rings throughout Europe (e.g. Neri et al 2018;Siemianowska et al 2019) and ultimately resemble the yellow vitreous pigment known as anima rather than glass in the strict sense (Matin 2019;Moretti and Hreglich 1984). At present it is almost impossible to determine whether the yellow and green tesserae were imported or produced locally.…”
Section: Mosaics From Madīnat Al-zahrā' and The Great Mosque Of Córdobamentioning
Unless otherwise indicated all images are reproduced with the permission of the rights holders acknowledged in captions and are expressly excluded from the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence covering the rest of this publication. Permission for reuse should be sought from the rights-holder.
“…Les premières vaisselles en verre soufflé avec cette composition apparaissent entre le III e et le VI e siècles. Ce verre préfigure les verres mérovingiens du VI e siècle, les verres islamiques au plomb qui apparaissent en Méditerranée orientale au IX e siècle (voir chapitre 8), les parures en verre au plomb d'Europe orientale des X e et XIII e siècles (Siemianowska et al 2019), voire du IX e siècle (Bezbodorov 1975) et les verres au plomb de l'époque moderne en Europe occidentale (Moretti 2005).…”
Section: Les Verres Opacifiés à L'oxyde D'étainunclassified
“…Probablement fabriqués eux aussi initialement en Chine, ces types de verre se retrouvent au cours du 1 er millénaire en Corée, au Japon à partir du XII e siècle et au Vietnam vers les XVI e et XVII e siècles (Gan 2009b). Là encore, certaines compositions de ce groupe de verre (Kang et Yun 2012) préfigurent celles des verres plombo-potassiques européens des X e et XIII e siècles (Siemianowska et al 2019 ;Bezbodorov 1975) et des verres plombo-alcalins de l'époque moderne, voire, si ce n'est leur taux d'impuretés élevé, celles du cristal au plomb ou flint glass des Anglais (Moretti 2005 ;Brain 2008 ;Dungworth et Brain 2013). Avec ses verres à l'oxyde de plomb et ses verres plombo-potassiques, l'Asie de l'Est semble ainsi avoir eu un rôle de précurseur pour l'élaboration des différentes familles de verre au plomb qui apparaissent dans le bassin méditerranéen et en Europe orientale à partir du IX e siècle.…”
Section: Les Verres Plombo-potassiques (Pb-k)unclassified
“…Plusieurs familles de verre plombifères et de verre plombo-alcalins, au sens strict, ont par contre été identifiées en Europe entre les IX e et XIV e siècles (Wedepohl et al 1995 ;Stephan et al 1997 ;Mecking 2013 ;Siemianowska et al 2019). Leur fabrication est mentionnée par deux auteurs médiévaux, Heraclius (Merrifield 1849) et Théophile (Dodwell 1961).…”
Section: Les Verres Plombifères Et Plombo-alcalinsunclassified
Ce chapitre retrace l’histoire de l’emploi du plomb en tant que matière première de l’industrie verrière. Il débute en Égypte et en Mésopotamie au milieu du IIe millénaire avant notre ère, passe par l’Asie de l’Est et l’Asie du Sud au cours des premiers siècles avant et après notre ère pour revenir en Europe entre les IXe et XVIIIe siècles.
“…Recipes of lead content glass, both alkaline and non-alkaline, and lead-potassium glass are widely considered to be characteristic for Central European production in the younger phases of the Early Middle Ages (Olczak 1968, 181-183;Dekówna 1980, 283-300;Dekówna -Purowski 2012, 163-165;Černá -Tomková 2017, 202-204;Pankiewicz -Siemianowska -Sadowski 2017, 33-35;Siemianowska -Pankiewicz -Sadowski 2019). Taking into account the above criterion, only the find from Ciepłe and the recently mentioned simple non-decorated beads can be regarded as local products.…”
Section: Similar Items Made Of Different Materialsmentioning
The study focuses on the early medieval large glass beads from the area of Poland, i.e. specimens whose diameter equals at least 1.5 cm but usually ca. 2 cm or more. The main aim of this study is to define their function, considering precise context of discovery of particular specimens, metric data and microscopic analyses. Another important task of the study is to determine whether large beads were local products or imports, and from which region and in what social circumstances they reached the studied area. Alongside macroscopic and stylistic features, chemical composition of glass that was used for production of the beads can be conclusive in this situation. In our opinion, it is a special category of finds that appeared in this part of Europe during the time of cultural and political transformation in the 11th–13th centuries.
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