Islamic Glass in the Making

Abstract

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Islamic glass in the Christian Kingdom of Alwa: Chemistry of shards from Soba, Nubia, Sudan

“…One sample (Sv.08) is in fact a borderline case between “Mesopotamian” Type 1 and 2 (see Figure 4a) and its composition matches results for some major and minor elements in both Nishapur 1a and Samarra 1 groups (Schibille, 2021, tab. 7).…”

“…22.1; Schibille et al, 2019, 2021) (Figure 3b). With low levels of Na 2 O (12–13.9%) and high levels of CaO (9.0–9.9%) the m‐Na‐Ca glass from Soba fits well with “Egypt 2” glass group dated between 815 and 870 ce as given for early Islamic natron‐type glass groups from Egypt (Schibille, 2021, tab. 2; Schibille et al, 2019, tab.…”

“…22.1; Schibille et al, 2018; Figure 3b,c). A comprehensive chronological specification of the Levantine and Egyptian natron glass has been accomplished based on the composition of Islamic glass weights (Schibille et al, 2019; Schibille, 2021, tab. 3).…”

“…Additionally, differences in some trace elements, such as Cr, generally lower in the Eastern Mediterranean glass, seem to indicate the use of different sand sources (Henderson et al, 2016; McIntosh et al, 2020; Phelps, 2016; Schibille et al, 2018, 2022). Recent studies have provided further chronological grouping of early Islamic plant ash soda glass (Schibille, 2021, tab. 7; Schibille et al, 2018, 2019).…”

“…7). However, its low level of Al 2 O 3 (1.2%), and the concentrations of trace elements—TiO 2 (0.03%), Ce (6 ppm), Cr (16 ppm), Sr (281 ppm), and Li (20 ppm)—match better the Samarra 1 subgroup in the “Mesopotamian” Type 2 glass (Schibille, 2021, tab. 7).…”