On Teaching Critical Thinking1

Mackenzie, Jim

doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.1991.tb00176.x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Project-based learning activities is a learning activity where students carry out exploration, assessment, interpretation, synthesis, and information to develop student competencies (Wurdinger & Qureshi, 2015;Mosier, Bradley-Levine, & Perkins, 2016;Nassaji, 2016). The advantages of project-based learning include increasing learning motivation, improving problem-solving skills, making students more active (Mallinson, 2018;Sultana & Zaki, 2015), increasing collaboration, improving skills in managing resources, providing experience in organizing projects (Lima et al, 2017). Based on the strengthening of expert opinion, it shows that indeed, project-based learning can develop students' critical thinking skills.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the competencies that must be fulled by humans is critical thinking. The ability to think critically about human beings does not directly appear to be possessed by humans; it is necessary to conduct training and habituation so that humans could think critically (Hokanson, 2018;Macke, 1991). Formal and informal education is one of the ways to develop human critical thinking skills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Project-based learning through edmodo: improving critical thinking and histology concepts

Hardian

Chamisijatin

2019

Biosfer

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The results of the observation showed that there were still many students in histology subjects who did not yet have critical thinking competencies and maximum histology concept. The purpose of this study was to find out how project-based learning through blended learning can develop critical thinking skills and student histology concept. This type of research is classroom action research. The sample of this study was students of class C histology class 2018/2019 as many as 35 students of Malang Muhammadiyah University. The research method is in the form of observation, interviews, and tests. The learning management system used in this research blended learning uses Edmodo. The results showed that there was a change in the improvement of critical thinking skills and student histology concept from cycle I to cycle II. Critical thinking skills in the cycle I showed that 23% were complete and 77% were non-complete, while the cycle II was 80% complete and 20% non-compete. Critical thinking skills from cycle I to cycle II increased by 57%. Histology concept in the cycle I found 69% complete and 31% non-complete, while the cycle II was 100% complete and 0% non-complete. Histology concept from cycle I to cycle II increased by 31%. Based on this, project-based learning through blended learning can develop critical thinking skills and student histology concept.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Project-based learning through edmodo: improving critical thinking and histology concepts

Hardian

Chamisijatin

2019

Biosfer

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“…These exercises were referred to in an earlier paper (Mackenzie 1991). Subsequent correspondence and discussion have convinced me that this description was too brief, because some readers either didn't understand, or were unwilling to believe, what was said.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vague and Ambiguous Questions on Multiple‐choice Exercises: The Case for

Mackenzie

1994

Educational Philosophy and Theory

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What is here advocated is the use of multiple-choice exercises in philosophy courses. This, to many people, is sufficiently absurd to be rejected at sight, despite the familiar advantages of such tests such as ease of marking. Philosophy, they object, is too (how should one put it?) too subtle a subject to have any truck with mu1 tiple-choice testing. Philosophical insight cannot be measured by counting ticks in boxes. To make matters worse, what is advocated here is that the exercises should contain vague or ambiguous questions. Even those who defend multiple-choice tests, in such more straightforward subjects as psychology for example, are careful to warn against the danger of ambiguity (and vagueness, though the distinction is often ignored) in questions.It is hardly necessary to substantiate this last remark, but a quick check of a few standard texts on educational measurement produced the following:The first drafts of items are then reviewed, criticized, and revised. This review may be made by the same group that wrote the items or by an independent group of subject matter and test construction specialists. Most of the revisions will involve eliminating ambiguities, clarifying wordings, and strengthening alternatives. (Brown 1970, p. 35, my emphases)The problem of ambiguity in objective test items is particularly acute because each item is usually an isolated unity [and so lacks a contexts which might help to disambiguate it].(Wesman 1971, p. 102a, my emphasis) 23 24 Jim MackenzieIt is very desirable to have other teachers of the subject evaluate the exercises with respect to fairness, freedom fiom nmbiguities, and elimination of the too obviously incorrect answers. (Engelhart 1947, p. 146, my emphasis) While objective [test] items generally communicate required behavior to students better than essay tests do, it is still necessary to make a conscious effort to write clear, concise, unambiguous items.(Gay 1985, p. 228, my emphasis)An item should have one and only one correct, or best, answer, unless otherwise specified. Usually when more than one answer is correct, it is an inadvertent item flaw .

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The Education System of Trinidad and Tobago: Overview and Foundations

Esnard

2021

Global Education Systems

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On Teaching Critical Thinking1

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Project-based learning through edmodo: improving critical thinking and histology concepts

Project-based learning through edmodo: improving critical thinking and histology concepts

Vague and Ambiguous Questions on Multiple‐choice Exercises: The Case for

The Education System of Trinidad and Tobago: Overview and Foundations

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