On Supra-Additive and Supra-Multiplicative Maps

Chen, Jin Xi; Chen, Zi Li

doi:10.1155/2013/108535

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…72 These provisions are "broad, open-ended and undefined." 73 A party must also compensate the other side for harm caused during contract formation from malicious consultations, active concealment of important facts, providing false circumstances, or other behavior that violates principles of honesty and good faith. 74 …”

Section: Content Of Contractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contract in My Soup: Chinese Contract Formation and Ritual Eating and Drunkenness

Szto

2012

SSRN Journal

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Section: Content Of Contractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contract in My Soup: Chinese Contract Formation and Ritual Eating and Drunkenness

Szto

2012

SSRN Journal

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“…247 Despite-or perhaps because of-the deep politicization of these ideas, they remain tremendously influential in the Chinese academic world even today, enjoying deep support among both self-identified Marxists and liberals. 248 At the same time, they also continue to have surprising traction with Western intellectuals, many of whom have yet to advance substantively beyond the Weber and Wittfogel stereotypes of "Confucianism" as either fundamentally "irrational" or "despotic." 249 The conclusions presented here suggest that this stereotype is deeply flawed: Especially when compared to corresponding English norms, kinship hierarchies in both North China and the Lower Yangtze promoted, not suppressed, the cumulative sociopolitical status of lower-income households, facilitating the creation of property institutions that protected their economic interests against those of wealthier households.…”

Section: Section Four: English Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Hierarchies and the Formation of Customary Property Law in Pre-Industrial China and England

Zhang¹

2014

am j comp law

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Comparative lawyers and economists have often assumed that traditional Chinese laws and customs reinforced the economic and political dominance of elites and, therefore, were unusually "despotic" towards the poor. Such assumptions are highly questionable: Quite the opposite, one of the most striking characteristics of Qing and Republican property institutions is that they often gave significantly greater economic protection to the poorer segments of society than comparable institutions in early modern England. In particular, Chinese property customs afforded much stronger powers of redemption to landowners who had pawned their land. In both societies, land-pawning occurred far more frequently among poorer households than richer ones, but Chinese customary law allowed debtors to indefinitely retain redemption rights over collateralized property, whereas English debtors would generally lose the property permanently if they failed to redeem within one year.This article argues that the comparatively "egalitarian" tendencies of Qing and Republican property institutions stemmed from the different ways Chinese and English rural communities allocated social status and rank. Hierarchical "Confucian" kinship networks dominated social and economic life in most Chinese villages. Within these networks, an individual's status and rank depended, in large part, on his age and generational seniority, rather than personal wealth. This allowed many low-income households to enjoy status and rank quite disproportionate to their wealth. In comparison, substantial landed wealth was generally a prerequisite for high status in early modern England, effectively excluding lower-income households from positions of sociopolitical authority. Chinese smallholders possessed, therefore, significantly more social bargaining power, and were more capable of negotiating desirable property institutions. Paradoxically, the predominance of kinship hierarchies actually enhanced macro-level political and economic equality. Category: Comparative Legal History

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“…Ercan [2] has shown that Rȃdulescu's assumption that is a compact Hausdorff space may be dropped. More results on system (1) and on related questions have been obtained by Dhombres [3], Volkmann [4,5], J. X. Chen and Z. L. Chen [6], Gusić [7], and the first author [8,9], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems of Inequalities Characterizing Ring Homomorphisms

Fechner

Olbryś

2016

Journal of Function Spaces

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Assume that T:P→R and U:P→R are arbitrary mappings between two partially ordered rings P and R. We study a few systems of functional inequalities which characterize ring homomorphisms. For example, we prove that if T and U satisfy T(f+g)≥T(f)+T(g), U(f·g)≥U(f)·U(g), for all f,g∈P and T≥U, then U=T and this mapping is a ring homomorphism. Moreover, we find two other systems for which we obtain analogous assertions.

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On Supra-Additive and Supra-Multiplicative Maps

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Contract in My Soup: Chinese Contract Formation and Ritual Eating and Drunkenness

Contract in My Soup: Chinese Contract Formation and Ritual Eating and Drunkenness

Social Hierarchies and the Formation of Customary Property Law in Pre-Industrial China and England

Systems of Inequalities Characterizing Ring Homomorphisms

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