On steganography in lost audio packets

Mazurczyk, Wojciech; Lubacz, Józef; Szczypiorski, Krzysztof

doi:10.1002/sec.388

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The method in [Mazurczyk 2012] made use of packet loss and retransmission to hide secret data, while as the voice packet with retransmission was not used by applications to play out. Improved LACK steganographic method, utilizing intentionally excessively delayed packets to hide secret data without modifying speech data, was also proposed by Mazurczyk et al [Mazurczyk et al 2014]. The hidden data insertion rate is time dependent between 0 and 10 Kbits/s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covert Voice over Internet Protocol Communications with Packet Loss Based on Fractal Interpolation

Jiang

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2016

ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl.

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The last few years have witnessed an explosive growth in the research of information hiding in multimedia objects, but few studies have taken into account packet loss in multimedia networks. As one of the most popular real-time services in the Internet, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) contributes to a large part of network traffic for its advantages of real time, high flow, and low cost. So packet loss is inevitable in multimedia networks and affects the performance of VoIP communications. In this study, a fractal-based VoIP steganographic approach was proposed to realise covert VoIP communications in the presence of packet loss. In the proposed scheme, secret data to be hidden were divided into blocks after being encrypted with the block cipher, and each block of the secret data was then embedded into VoIP streaming packets. The VoIP packets went through a packet loss system based on Gilbert model which simulates a real network situation. And a prediction model based on fractal interpolation was built to decide whether a VoIP packet was suitable for data hiding. The experimental results indicated that the speech quality degradation increased with the escalating packet-loss level. The average variance of speech quality metrics (PESQ score) between the "no-embedding" speech samples and the "with-embedding" stego-speech samples was about 0.717, and the variances narrowed with the Shanyu Tang

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covert Voice over Internet Protocol Communications with Packet Loss Based on Fractal Interpolation

Jiang

Tang

Zhang

et al. 2016

ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl.

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“…However, the best solution is to monitor the losses on a Skype video connection in real-time and adjust the level of introduced losses to the current overall packet losses for this connection so as not to cross the average packet loss for typical Internet links. This issue has been already considered for IP telephony in previous works, for example [24] [25]. In considering the above, for a further evaluation study of the third YouSkyde variant we chose to introduce 0.5% (YSv3_1) and 1% (YSv3_2) of intentional losses for steganographic purposes.…”

Section: Experimental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

YouSkyde: information hiding for Skype video traffic

Mazurczyk

Karaś

Szczypiorski

et al. 2015

Multimed Tools Appl

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In this paper a new information hiding method for Skype videoconference calls -YouSkyde -is introduced. A Skype traffic analysis revealed that introducing intentional losses into the Skype video traffic stream to provide the means for clandestine communication is the most favourable solution. A YouSkyde proof-ofconcept implementation was carried out and its experimental evaluation is presented. The results obtained prove that the proposed method is feasible and offer a steganographic bandwidth as high as 0.93 kbps, while introducing negligible distortions into transmission quality and providing high undetectability.

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“…Lost audio packet steganography (LACK), which was proposed in [1] and studied in [2][3][4][5], is an effective and high-capacity steganography scheme established over VoIP network. LACK takes advantages of the high data capacity of the VoIP data frame and its real-time feature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DST approach to enhance audio quality on lost audio packet steganography

Peng

Sharif

2016

EURASIP J. on Info. Security

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Lost audio packet steganography (LACK) is a steganography technique established on the VoIP network. LACK provides a high-capacity covert channel over VoIP network by artificially delaying and dropping a number of packets in use to convey stegnogram. However, the increasing loss of packets will hurt the quality of the VoIP service. The quality deterioration will not only affect the legitimate VoIP service but also constrain the capacity of the covert channel. Discrete spring transform (DST) is proven to be a way to eliminate the perceptual redundancy in the multimedia signal. In this paper, the DST is applied on the LACK so that the perceptual redundancy of the voice frames is suppressed. In this way, the less redundant VoIP frames with perceptual equivalent quality can be transmitted in a channel whose capacity is squeezed by the established covert channel. As a result, the VoIP perceptual quality can be maintained with the existence of the covert channel. Meanwhile, the proposed DSTbased method demonstrates the possibilities in exploiting the perceptual space of the multimedia signal. The simulation results show that the DST on LACK achieves up to 24 % more capacity over the LACK scheme.

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On steganography in lost audio packets

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Covert Voice over Internet Protocol Communications with Packet Loss Based on Fractal Interpolation

Covert Voice over Internet Protocol Communications with Packet Loss Based on Fractal Interpolation

YouSkyde: information hiding for Skype video traffic

DST approach to enhance audio quality on lost audio packet steganography

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